PMID- 27135696
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170331
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 155
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - Distributions, profiles and formation mechanisms of polychlorinated naphthalenes 
      in cement kilns co-processing municipal waste incinerator fly ash.
PG  - 348-357
LID - S0045-6535(16)30551-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.069 [doi]
AB  - Co-processing municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in cement kilns is 
      challenging because the unintentional production of persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) during the process is not well understood. The distributions, profiles and 
      formation mechanisms of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) as new POPs covered 
      under Stockholm Convention in two cement kilns co-processing MSWI fly ash were 
      studied. The average concentrations of PCNs in stack gas samples were 
      710 ng m(-3). The PCN concentration in particle samples collected from different 
      process stages in the cement kilns ranged from 1.1 to 84.7 ng g(-1). Three 
      process sites including suspension pre-heater boiler, humidifier tower, and the 
      kiln back-end bag filter were identified to be the major formation sites of PCNs 
      in cement kilns co-processing MSWI fly ash. The PCN distribution patterns were 
      similar to that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs), 
      which indicates the possibility for simultaneous control of PCNs and PCDD/Fs in 
      cement kilns co-processing fly ash. Chlorination was suggested to be an important 
      formation mechanism of PCNs, and chlorination pathways of PCN congeners are 
      proposed based on the congener profiles. Thermodynamic calculations, including 
      relative thermal energies (DeltaE) and standard free energy of formation (DeltaG), and 
      the charge densities of the carbon atoms in PCN supported the proposed 
      chlorination mechanisms for PCN formation. The results presented in this study 
      might provide helpful information for developing techniques and strategies to 
      control PCN emissions during cement kilns co-processing MSWI fly ash.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liu, Guorui
AU  - Liu G
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Zhan, Jiayu
AU  - Zhan J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing 
      Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China.
FAU - Zhao, Yuyang
AU  - Zhao Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Li, Li
AU  - Li L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Jiang, Xiaoxu
AU  - Jiang X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Fu, Jianjie
AU  - Fu J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Li, Chunping
AU  - Li C
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing 
      Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China.
FAU - Zheng, Minghui
AU  - Zheng M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 
      2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan 
      University, Wuhan 430056, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160429
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Coal Ash)
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Substances)
RN  - 0 (Naphthalenes)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Solid Waste)
RN  - 0 (Waste Products)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
RN  - 8U54U639VI (dibenzofuran)
RN  - O1B5KJ235I (dibenzo(1,4)dioxin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzofurans/analysis
MH  - Carbon
MH  - Coal Ash
MH  - Dioxins
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Hazardous Substances/*analysis
MH  - *Incineration
MH  - Naphthalenes/analysis/*chemistry
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
MH  - Solid Waste
MH  - *Waste Products
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cement kiln
OT  - Fly ash
OT  - Municipal solid waste
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Polychlorinated naphthalenes
OT  - Stockholm Convention
EDAT- 2016/05/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/01 06:00
CRDT- 2016/05/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/03/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(16)30551-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.069 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2016 Jul;155:348-357. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.069. Epub 
      2016 Apr 29.