PMID- 27162719
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160510
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2222-3959 (Print)
IS  - 2227-4898 (Electronic)
IS  - 2222-3959 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016
TI  - Cytotoxic effect and possible mechanisms of Tetracaine on human corneal 
      epithelial cells in vitro.
PG  - 497-504
LID - 10.18240/ijo.2016.04.04 [doi]
AB  - AIM: To demonstrate the cytotoxic effect and possible mechanisms of Tetracaine on 
      human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cells in vitro. METHODS: In vitro cultured HCEP 
      cell were treated with Tetracaine hydrochloride at different doses for different 
      times, and their morphology, viability, and plasma membrane permeability were 
      detected by light microscopy, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and 
      acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining, respectively. Their cell 
      cycle progression, phosphatidylserine orientation in plasma membrane, and 
      mitochondrial membrane potential (MTP) were assessed by flow cytometry. DNA 
      fragmentation, ultrastructure, caspase activation, and the cytoplasmic apoptosis 
      inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c (Cyt. c) along with the expression of 
      B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins were examined by gel electrophoresis, 
      transmission electron microscope, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 
      Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: After exposed to Tetracaine at doses from 
      10.0 to 0.3125 g/L, the HCEP cells showed dose- and time-dependent morphological 
      abnormality and typical cytopathic effect, viability decline, and plasma membrane 
      permeability elevation. Tetracaine induced phosphatidylserine externalization, 
      DNA fragmentation, G1 phase arrest, and ultrastructural abnormality and apoptotic 
      body formation. Furthermore, Tetracaine at a dose of 0.3125 g/L also induced 
      caspase-3, -9 and -8 activation, MTP disruption, up-regulation of the cytoplasmic 
      amount of Cyt. c and AIF, the expressions of Bax and Bad, and down-regulation of 
      the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. CONCLUSION: Tetracaine above 0.3125 g/L 
      (1/32 of its clinical applied dosage) has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity 
      to HCEP cells in vitro, with inducing cell apoptosis via a death 
      receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway.
FAU - Pang, Xin
AU  - Pang X
AD  - Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, 
      Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
FAU - Fan, Ting-Jun
AU  - Fan TJ
AD  - Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, 
      Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160418
PL  - China
TA  - Int J Ophthalmol
JT  - International journal of ophthalmology
JID - 101553860
PMC - PMC4853342
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Tetracaine
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - cytotoxicity
OT  - human cornel epithelial cells
OT  - mitochondrion
EDAT- 2016/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/11 06:01
PMCR- 2016/04/18
CRDT- 2016/05/11 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/04/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijo-09-04-497 [pii]
AID - 10.18240/ijo.2016.04.04 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Ophthalmol. 2016 Apr 18;9(4):497-504. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2016.04.04. 
      eCollection 2016.