PMID- 27167381
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170706
LR  - 20210109
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016
TI  - Use of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling to Ascertain Levels of Drug Resistant 
      Tuberculosis in Western Kenya.
PG  - e0154142
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154142 [doi]
LID - e0154142
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To classify the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 
      (MDR-TB) in two different geographic settings in western Kenya using the Lot 
      Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) methodology. DESIGN: The prevalence of drug 
      resistance was classified among treatment-naive smear positive TB patients in two 
      settings, one rural and one urban. These regions were classified as having high 
      or low prevalence of MDR-TB according to a static, two-way LQAS sampling plan 
      selected to classify high resistance regions at greater than 5% resistance and 
      low resistance regions at less than 1% resistance. RESULTS: This study classified 
      both the urban and rural settings as having low levels of TB drug resistance. Out 
      of the 105 patients screened in each setting, two patients were diagnosed with 
      MDR-TB in the urban setting and one patient was diagnosed with MDR-TB in the 
      rural setting. An additional 27 patients were diagnosed with a variety of mono- 
      and poly- resistant strains. CONCLUSION: Further drug resistance surveillance 
      using LQAS may help identify the levels and geographical distribution of drug 
      resistance in Kenya and may have applications in other countries in the African 
      Region facing similar resource constraints.
FAU - Jezmir, Julia
AU  - Jezmir J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2153-6464
AD  - Stanford Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of Amercia.
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
FAU - Cohen, Ted
AU  - Cohen T
AD  - Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, 
      New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
FAU - Zignol, Matteo
AU  - Zignol M
AD  - Global TB Programme, TB Monitoring and Evaluation, World Health Organization, 
      Geneva, Switzerland.
FAU - Nyakan, Edwin
AU  - Nyakan E
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
FAU - Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L
AU  - Hedt-Gauthier BL
AD  - Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Gardner, Adrian
AU  - Gardner A
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
AD  - Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of 
      America.
FAU - Kamle, Lydia
AU  - Kamle L
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
FAU - Injera, Wilfred
AU  - Injera W
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
FAU - Carter, E Jane
AU  - Carter EJ
AD  - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.
AD  - Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United 
      States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - 001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International
GR  - U54 GM088558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20160511
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
RN  - V83O1VOZ8L (Isoniazid)
RN  - VJT6J7R4TR (Rifampin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isoniazid/therapeutic use
MH  - Kenya/epidemiology
MH  - Lot Quality Assurance Sampling/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Rifampin/therapeutic use
MH  - Rural Population
MH  - Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Urban Population
PMC - PMC4864281
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/05/12 06:00
MHDA- 2017/07/07 06:00
PMCR- 2016/05/11
CRDT- 2016/05/12 06:00
PHST- 2015/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/05/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-18951 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154142 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 May 11;11(5):e0154142. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154142. 
      eCollection 2016.