PMID- 27171854
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171023
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2164-554X (Electronic)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Print)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016 Sep
TI  - Why we need a vaccine for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.
PG  - 2357-61
LID - 10.1080/21645515.2016.1174354 [doi]
AB  - Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is increasingly recognized as emerging 
      pathogen. The routine immunization of infants with conjugated vaccines against H. 
      influenzae type b (Hib) has greatly reduced the incidence of invasive Hib 
      disease; however a marked change in the predominant invasive serotype from Hib to 
      NTHi has occurred. Localized infections where the role of H. influenzae is 
      important, such as otitis media in children and acute exacerbations in chronic 
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults, are almost exclusively associated 
      with NTHi isolates. The implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has 
      resulted in changes in frequency of nasopharynx colonizing pathogens with an 
      increase of NTHi, although this data is yet under debate. An effective vaccine 
      against NTHi is not currently available. The major challenge in developing a 
      successful vaccine is the intrinsic heterogeneity of NTHi. H. influenzae protein 
      D is used as carrier protein in the licensed 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate 
      vaccine (Synflorix, GlaxoSmithKline), but no robust evidences for protective 
      efficacy against NTHi otitis have been until now obtained. Several other vaccine 
      candidates are under investigations and we hope that significant advancements in 
      vaccine development will be achieved in the next future. Genome-based vaccine 
      strategy might provide an additional useful tool for discovering further vaccine 
      antigens.
FAU - Cerquetti, Marina
AU  - Cerquetti M
AD  - a Department of Infectious , Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases , Istituto 
      Superiore di Sanita , Rome , Italy.
FAU - Giufre, Maria
AU  - Giufre M
AD  - a Department of Infectious , Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases , Istituto 
      Superiore di Sanita , Rome , Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160512
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Vaccin Immunother
JT  - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
JID - 101572652
RN  - 0 (Haemophilus Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Haemophilus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Haemophilus Vaccines/*immunology/*isolation & purification
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae/*classification/*immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Pregnancy
PMC - PMC5027700
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
OT  - invasive disease
OT  - nasopharyngeal carriage
OT  - nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
OT  - oropharyngeal carriage
OT  - otitis media
OT  - respiratory tract infections
OT  - vaccine against nontypeable H. influenzae
EDAT- 2016/05/14 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/24 06:00
PMCR- 2017/05/12
CRDT- 2016/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1174354 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21645515.2016.1174354 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Sep;12(9):2357-61. doi: 
      10.1080/21645515.2016.1174354. Epub 2016 May 12.