PMID- 27181617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170608
LR  - 20180524
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 50
IP  - 18
DP  - 2016 Sep 20
TI  - Size-Resolved Source Emission Rates of Indoor Ultrafine Particles Considering 
      Coagulation.
PG  - 10031-8
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.6b00165 [doi]
AB  - Indoor ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm) released from combustion and consumer 
      products lead to elevated human exposure to UFP. UFP emitted from the sources 
      undergo aerosol transformation processes such as coagulation and deposition. The 
      coagulation effect can be significant during the source emission due to high 
      concentration and high mobility of nanosize particles. However, few studies have 
      estimated size-resolved UFP source emission strengths while considering 
      coagulation in their theoretical and experimental research work. The primary 
      objective of this study is to characterize UFP source strength by considering 
      coagulation in addition to other indoor processes (i.e., deposition and 
      ventilation) in a realistic setting. A secondary objective is to test a 
      hypothesis that size-resolved UFP source emission rates are unimodal and 
      log-normally distributed for three common indoor UFP sources: an electric stove, 
      a natural gas burner, and a paraffin wax candle. Experimental investigations were 
      performed in a full-scale test building. Size- and time-resolved concentrations 
      of UFP ranging from 2 to 100 nm were monitored using a scanning mobility particle 
      sizer (SMPS). Based on the temporal evolution of the particle size distribution 
      during the source emission period, the size-dependent source emission rate was 
      determined using a material-balance modeling approach. The results indicate that, 
      for a given UFP source, the source strength varies with particle size and source 
      type. The analytical model assuming a log-normally distributed source emission 
      rate could predict the temporal evolution of the particle size distribution with 
      reasonable accuracy for the gas stove and the candle. Including the effect of 
      coagulation was found to increase the estimates of source strengths by up to a 
      factor of 8. This result implies that previous studies on indoor UFP source 
      strengths considering only deposition and ventilation might have largely 
      underestimated the true values of UFP source strengths, especially for combustion 
      due to the natural gas stove and the candle.
FAU - Rim, Donghyun
AU  - Rim D
AD  - Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , 
      University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
FAU - Choi, Jung-Il
AU  - Choi JI
AD  - Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 
      03722, Korea.
FAU - Wallace, Lance A
AU  - Wallace LA
AD  - Consultant, 428 Woodley Way, Santa Rosa, California 95409, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160613
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols
MH  - Air Pollutants
MH  - *Air Pollution, Indoor
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - *Particulate Matter
MH  - Ventilation
EDAT- 2016/05/18 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/09 06:00
CRDT- 2016/05/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.6b00165 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Sep 20;50(18):10031-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00165. 
      Epub 2016 Jun 13.