PMID- 27195790 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170710 LR - 20190213 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 5 DP - 2016 TI - Chemical and Antimicrobial Profiling of Propolis from Different Regions within Libya. PG - e0155355 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0155355 [doi] LID - e0155355 AB - Extracts from twelve samples of propolis collected from different regions of Libya were tested for their activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum, Crithidia fasciculata and Mycobacterium marinum and the cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested against mammalian cells. All the extracts were active to some degree against all of the protozoa and the mycobacterium, exhibiting a range of EC50 values between 1.65 and 53.6 mug/ml. The toxicity against mammalian cell lines was only moderate; the most active extract against the protozoan species, P2, displayed an IC50 value of 53.2 mug/ml. The extracts were profiled by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. The data sets were extracted using m/z Mine and the accurate masses of the features extracted were searched against the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP). A principal component analysis (PCA) model was constructed which, in combination with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), divided the samples into five groups. The outlying groups had different sets of dominant compounds in the extracts, which could be characterised by their elemental composition. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis was used to link the activity of each extract against the different micro-organisms to particular components in the extracts. FAU - Siheri, Weam AU - Siheri W AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Zhang, Tong AU - Zhang T AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. AD - Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom. FAU - Ebiloma, Godwin Unekwuojo AU - Ebiloma GU AD - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom. FAU - Biddau, Marco AU - Biddau M AD - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom. FAU - Woods, Nicola AU - Woods N AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Hussain, Muattaz Yassein AU - Hussain MY AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Clements, Carol J AU - Clements CJ AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Fearnley, James AU - Fearnley J AD - BeeVital, Whitby, North Yorkshire, YO22 5JR, United Kingdom. FAU - Ebel, RuAngelie Edrada AU - Ebel RE AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Paget, Timothy AU - Paget T AD - Dept. of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom. FAU - Muller, Sylke AU - Muller S AD - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom. FAU - Carter, Katharine C AU - Carter KC AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - Ferro, Valerie A AU - Ferro VA AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. FAU - De Koning, Harry P AU - De Koning HP AD - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom. FAU - Watson, David G AU - Watson DG AD - University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160519 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) RN - 0 (Antiprotozoal Agents) RN - 0 (Biological Products) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 9009-62-5 (Propolis) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Infective Agents/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Antiprotozoal Agents/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Biological Products/chemistry MH - Chromatography, Liquid MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Crithidia fasciculata/drug effects MH - Female MH - Geography MH - Humans MH - Inhibitory Concentration 50 MH - Least-Squares Analysis MH - Leishmania donovani/drug effects MH - Libya MH - Mass Spectrometry MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - *Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Mycobacterium marinum/drug effects MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry MH - Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects MH - Principal Component Analysis MH - Propolis/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Software MH - Trypanosoma brucei brucei/drug effects MH - U937 Cells PMC - PMC4873177 COIS- Competing Interests: JF is affiliated with BeeVital. This commercial affiliation does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. EDAT- 2016/05/20 06:00 MHDA- 2017/07/14 06:00 PMCR- 2016/05/19 CRDT- 2016/05/20 06:00 PHST- 2016/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/04/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/05/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/07/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/05/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-16-02068 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0155355 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2016 May 19;11(5):e0155355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155355. eCollection 2016.