PMID- 27216637
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170926
LR  - 20191008
IS  - 1547-6901 (Electronic)
IS  - 1547-691X (Print)
IS  - 1547-691X (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - Evaluation of the irritancy and hypersensitivity potential following topical 
      application of didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
PG  - 557-66
LID - 10.3109/1547691X.2016.1140854 [doi]
AB  - Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a dialkyl-quaternary ammonium compound 
      that is used in numerous products for its bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal 
      properties. There have been clinical reports of immediate and delayed 
      hypersensitivity reactions in exposed individuals; however, the sensitization 
      potential of DDAC has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of these 
      studies was to evaluate the irritancy and sensitization potential of DDAC 
      following dermal exposure in a murine model. DDAC induced significant irritancy 
      (0.5 and 1%), evaluated by ear swelling in female Balb/c mice. Initial evaluation 
      of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay 
      (LLNA) at concentrations ranging from 0.0625-1%. A concentration-dependent 
      increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with a calculated EC3 value of 
      0.17%. Dermal exposure to DDAC did not induce increased production of IgE as 
      evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node B-cells (IgE (+) B220(+)) 
      and measurement of total serum IgE levels. Additional phenotypic analyses 
      revealed significant and dose-responsive increases in the absolute number of 
      B-cells, CD4 (+) T-cells, CD8 (+) T-cells and dendritic cells in the draining 
      lymph nodes, along with significant increases in the percentage of B-cells (0.25% 
      and 1% DDAC) at Day 10 following 4 days of dermal exposure. There was also a 
      significant and dose-responsive increase in the number of activated 
      CD44 (+) CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T-cells and CD86 (+) B-cells and dendritic cells 
      following exposure to all concentrations of DDAC. These results demonstrate the 
      potential for development of irritation and hypersensitivity responses to DDAC 
      following dermal exposure and raise concerns about the use of this chemical and 
      other quaternary ammonium compounds that may elicit similar effects.
FAU - Anderson, Stacey E
AU  - Anderson SE
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
FAU - Shane, Hillary
AU  - Shane H
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
FAU - Long, Carrie
AU  - Long C
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
FAU - Lukomska, Ewa
AU  - Lukomska E
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
FAU - Meade, B Jean
AU  - Meade BJ
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
FAU - Marshall, Nikki B
AU  - Marshall NB
AD  - a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety 
      and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20160523
PL  - England
TA  - J Immunotoxicol
JT  - Journal of immunotoxicology
JID - 101201960
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin A)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - Z7F472XQPA (didecyldimethylammonium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Topical
MH  - Animals
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Drug Hypersensitivity/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity, Delayed/*immunology
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Skin/*immunology/pathology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology
PMC - PMC4961531
MID - NIHMS804085
OID - NLM: HHSPA804085
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DDAC
OT  - allergic disease
OT  - hypersensitivity
OT  - quaternary ammonium compound
COIS- Disclosure statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors 
      alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
EDAT- 2016/05/25 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2016/07/26
CRDT- 2016/05/25 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3109/1547691X.2016.1140854 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Immunotoxicol. 2016 Jul;13(4):557-66. doi: 10.3109/1547691X.2016.1140854. Epub 
      2016 May 23.