PMID- 27217937
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160524
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 2008-7802 (Print)
IS  - 2008-8213 (Electronic)
IS  - 2008-7802 (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2016
TI  - The Direct Medical Costs of Outpatient Cares of Type 2 Diabetes in Iran: A 
      Retrospective Study.
PG  - 72
LID - 10.4103/2008-7802.181758 [doi]
LID - 72
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which many factors are 
      involved and is developing considerably worldwide. Increasing aging population 
      and obesity in the societies has improved the scale of the type 2 diabetes 
      significantly. The aim of this study was to determine the direct medical costs of 
      outpatient cares of diabetes in Iran. METHODS: Active patients of Isfahan 
      Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (IEMRC) by the end of March 2011 
      were employed for data extraction. Type 2 diabetics were classified into 4 groups 
      based on their therapeutic regimens. Type and frequency of health care services 
      were extracted from the patients' profiles manually. The incidence of major 
      diabetes complications were also examined from the subjects' profiles. The 
      numbers of services used by the patients in different treatment groups were 
      multiplied by the desired medical tariffs to calculate the direct medical costs. 
      RESULTS: 2898 number of cases was reviewed in this study; 63.8 % women and 36.2% 
      men. 4.3% of the patients were placed group I; 50.1% in group II, and 34.6% and 
      11% in groups III and IV respectively. The age distribution of the patients 
      varied widely from 30 to 90 years; 5.8% between 30 and 39 years, 62.3% between 40 
      and 59, and 31.9% at 60 and over. Nephropathy (72.4%), and neuropathy (39%) were 
      the most frequent adverse effect between the type 2 diabetics in Isfahan. The 
      group III with spending $192.3 in total was absorbed the highest amount of the 
      resources between the patients' groups. The average direct medical cost of 
      outpatient cares of diabetics per year was 155.8 US $. CONCLUSIONS: The direct 
      medical cost of diabetes management is progressed sharply in past years in Iran. 
      Pharmaceutical expenditures was the main cost component of outpatient cares for 
      diabetes. It is estimated that the Iranians directly spend approximately $4.05 
      milliard annually to manage 5.2 million diabetics in the country.
FAU - Davari, Majid
AU  - Davari M
AD  - Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of 
      Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical 
      Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Boroumand, Zahra
AU  - Boroumand Z
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
      Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
FAU - Amini, Masoud
AU  - Amini M
AD  - Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
FAU - Aslani, Abolfazl
AU  - Aslani A
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
      Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
FAU - Hosseini, Mohsen
AU  - Hosseini M
AD  - Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160504
PL  - Iran
TA  - Int J Prev Med
JT  - International journal of preventive medicine
JID - 101535380
PMC - PMC4872475
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes complications
OT  - Iran
OT  - direct medical costs
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- Conflict of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2016/05/25 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/25 06:01
PMCR- 2016/05/04
CRDT- 2016/05/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/05/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJPVM-7-72 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/2008-7802.181758 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Prev Med. 2016 May 4;7:72. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.181758. eCollection 2016.