PMID- 27228964
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170925
LR  - 20240326
IS  - 1469-7793 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3751 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3751 (Linking)
VI  - 595
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Jan 1
TI  - Intensity-dependent timing and precision of startle response latency in larval 
      zebrafish.
PG  - 265-282
LID - 10.1113/JP272466 [doi]
AB  - KEY POINTS: Using high-speed videos time-locked with whole-animal electrical 
      recordings, simultaneous measurement of behavioural kinematics and field 
      potential parameters of C-start startle responses allowed for discrimination 
      between short-latency and long-latency C-starts (SLCs vs. LLCs) in larval 
      zebrafish. Apart from their latencies, SLC kinematics and SLC field potential 
      parameters were intensity independent. Increasing stimulus intensity increased 
      the probability of evoking an SLC and decreased mean SLC latencies while 
      increasing their precision; subtraction of field potential latencies from SLC 
      latencies revealed a fixed time delay between the two measurements that was 
      intensity independent. The latency and the precision in the latency of the SLC 
      field potentials were linearly correlated to the latencies and precision of the 
      first evoked action potentials (spikes) in hair-cell afferent neurons of the 
      lateral line. Together, these findings indicate that first spike latency (FSL) is 
      a fast encoding mechanism that can serve to precisely initiate startle responses 
      when speed is critical for survival. ABSTRACT: Vertebrates rely on fast sensory 
      encoding for rapid and precise initiation of startle responses. In afferent 
      sensory neurons, trains of action potentials (spikes) encode stimulus intensity 
      within the onset time of the first evoked spike (first spike latency; FSL) and 
      the number of evoked spikes. For speed of initiation of startle responses, FSL 
      would be the more advantageous mechanism to encode the intensity of a threat. 
      However, the intensity dependence of FSL and spike number and whether either 
      determines the precision of startle response initiation is not known. Here, we 
      examined short-latency startle responses (SLCs) in larval zebrafish and tested 
      the hypothesis that first spike latencies and their precision (jitter) determine 
      the onset time and precision of SLCs. We evoked startle responses via activation 
      of Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expressed in ear and lateral line hair cells and 
      acquired high-speed videos of head-fixed larvae while simultaneously recording 
      underlying field potentials. This method allowed for discrimination between 
      primary SLCs and less frequent, long-latency startle responses (LLCs). 
      Quantification of SLC kinematics and field potential parameters revealed that, 
      apart from their latencies, they were intensity independent. We found that 
      increasing stimulus intensity decreased SLC latencies while increasing their 
      precision, which was significantly correlated with corresponding changes in field 
      potential latencies and their precision. Single afferent neuron recordings from 
      the lateral line revealed a similar intensity-dependent decrease in first spike 
      latencies and their jitter, which could account for the intensity-dependent 
      changes in timing and precision of startle response latencies.
CI  - (c) 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology (c) 2016 The Physiological Society.
FAU - Troconis, Eileen L
AU  - Troconis EL
AD  - Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
FAU - Ordoobadi, Alexander J
AU  - Ordoobadi AJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2507-6373
AD  - Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
FAU - Sommers, Thomas F
AU  - Sommers TF
AD  - Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
FAU - Aziz-Bose, Razina
AU  - Aziz-Bose R
AD  - Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
FAU - Carter, Ashley R
AU  - Carter AR
AD  - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
FAU - Trapani, Josef G
AU  - Trapani JG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6898-649X
AD  - Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
AD  - Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20160627
PL  - England
TA  - J Physiol
JT  - The Journal of physiology
JID - 0266262
RN  - 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Genetically Modified
MH  - Behavior, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
MH  - Larva
MH  - Male
MH  - Neurons, Afferent/physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/*physiology
MH  - Reflex, Startle/*physiology
MH  - Rhodopsin/genetics
MH  - Zebrafish
PMC - PMC5199724
EDAT- 2016/05/28 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/26 06:00
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2016/05/28 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - TJP7354 [pii]
AID - 10.1113/JP272466 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Physiol. 2017 Jan 1;595(1):265-282. doi: 10.1113/JP272466. Epub 2016 Jun 27.