PMID- 27231797 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170428 LR - 20230805 IS - 2376-1032 (Electronic) IS - 2376-0540 (Print) IS - 2376-0540 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 6 DP - 2016 Jun TI - A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Community Pharmacy Services Aimed at the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. PG - 699-713 LID - 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.699 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has a substantial impact on people's health and quality of life. CVD also causes an increased use of health care resources and services, representing a significant proportion of health care expenditure. Integrating evidence-based community pharmacy services is seen as an asset to reduce the burden of CVD on individuals and the health care system. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify community pharmacy evidence-based services designed to help prevent CVD and (b) provide fundamental information that is needed to assess their potential adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. METHODS: This review used the DEPICT database, which includes 488 randomized controlled trials (RCT) that address the evaluation of pharmacy services. Articles reviewing these RCTs were identified for the DEPICT database through a systematic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). The DEPICT database was reviewed to identify evidence-based services delivered in the community pharmacy setting with the purpose of preventing CVD. An evidence-based service was defined as a service that has been shown to have a positive effect (compared with usual care) in a high-quality RCT. From each evidence-based service, fundamental information was retrieved to facilitate adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. RESULTS: From the DEPICT database, 14 evidence-based community pharmacy services that addressed the prevention of CVD were identified. All services, except 1, targeted populations with a mean age above 60 years. Pharmacy services encompassed a wide range of practical applications or techniques that can be classified into 3 groups: activities directed at patients, activities directed at health care professionals, and assessments to gather patient-related information in order to support the previous activities. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides pharmacy service planners and policymakers with a comprehensive list of evidence-based services that have the potential to be adapted to different settings from which they were originally implemented and evaluated in order to reduce the burden of CVD. DISCLOSURES: Funding for this review was provided by the University of Technology Sydney Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Sabater-Hernandez. No other potential conflict of interest was declared. Study concept and design were contributed by Sabater-Hernandez, Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Correr. Sabater-Galindo and Sabater-Hernandez took the lead in data collection, along with Franco-Trigo and Rotta. Data interpretation was performed by Sabater-Hernandez, Durks, and Lopes. The manuscript was written primarily by Sabater-Hernandez, along with Hossain, and revised by Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Benrimoj, with assistance from Durks, Sabater-Galindo, Franco-Trigo, and Correr. FAU - Sabater-Hernandez, Daniel AU - Sabater-Hernandez D AD - 1 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, and Academic Centre in Pharmaceutical Care, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. FAU - Sabater-Galindo, Marta AU - Sabater-Galindo M AD - 2 University of Granada, Granada, Spain. FAU - Fernandez-Llimos, Fernando AU - Fernandez-Llimos F AD - 3 Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Rotta, Inajara AU - Rotta I AD - 4 PostGraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana. FAU - Hossain, Lutfun N AU - Hossain LN AD - 7 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. FAU - Durks, Desire AU - Durks D AD - 8 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. FAU - Franco-Trigo, Lucia AU - Franco-Trigo L AD - 9 School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. FAU - Lopes, Livia A AU - Lopes LA AD - 5 Post-Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana. FAU - Correr, Cassyano J AU - Correr CJ AD - 6 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. FAU - Benrimoj, Shalom I AU - Benrimoj SI AD - 10 School of Health University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PT - Systematic Review PL - United States TA - J Manag Care Spec Pharm JT - Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy JID - 101644425 SB - IM MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Community Pharmacy Services MH - Databases, Factual MH - Evidence-Based Practice/*methods MH - Humans MH - *Pharmacists MH - *Professional Role MH - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods PMC - PMC10398089 COIS- Funding for this review was provided by the University of Technology Sydney Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Sabater-Hernandez. No other potential conflict of interest was declared. Study concept and design were contributed by Sabater-Hernandez, Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Correr. Sabater-Galindo and Sabater-Hernandez took the lead in data collection, along with Franco-Trigo and Rotta. Data interpretation was performed by Sabater-Hernandez, Durks, and Lopes. The manuscript was written primarily by Sabater-Hernandez, along with Hossain, and revised by Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Benrimoj, with assistance from Durks, Sabater-Galindo, Franco-Trigo, and Correr. EDAT- 2016/05/28 06:00 MHDA- 2017/04/30 06:00 PMCR- 2016/06/01 CRDT- 2016/05/28 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/04/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.699 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016 Jun;22(6):699-713. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.699.