PMID- 27232985
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170505
LR  - 20171128
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 100
DP  - 2016 Sep 1
TI  - Removal of carbamazepine in aqueous solutions through solar photolysis of free 
      available chlorine.
PG  - 413-420
LID - S0043-1354(16)30374-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.048 [doi]
AB  - Removal of a persistent antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) in aqueous 
      solutions was investigated by using solar photolysis combined with free available 
      chlorine (FAC). The combination of chlorination with simulated or natural 
      sunlight markedly enhanced removal of CBZ in 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 
      7.0) and river water (pH 7.0) compared with sunlight or FAC alone. Further 
      analysis indicated that the observed enhancements in CBZ removal can be 
      attributed to the in situ hydroxyl radical (HO) and ozone (O3) production during 
      FAC photolysis. During 70 min simulated sunlight photolysis combined with FAC 
      treatment, HO reaction contributed to 35.8% removal of CBZ and O3 reaction 
      contributed to 40.6% removal, while only 5.3% of CBZ was removed by HOCl 
      reaction. The oxidation products of CBZ, epoxide CBZ, 
      10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy CBZ, 
      1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM), 
      1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) and 4-aldehyde-9-acridone, 
      were mainly formed from the HO and O3 attack at the double bond on the central 
      heterocyclic ring of CBZ. Formation of these oxidation products did not cause any 
      increase or decrease in toxicity to microbial species tested through Microbial 
      Assay for Toxicity Risk Assessment (MARA). The initial FAC concentration and pH 
      had a major influence on the removal process of CBZ during FAC photolysis, while 
      temperature had a minor effect only. The combination of chlorination with natural 
      sunlight could provide an effective approach for removal of CBZ and other 
      contaminants during water treatment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yang, Bin
AU  - Yang B
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia. Electronic address: Bin.Yang@csiro.au.
FAU - Kookana, Rai S
AU  - Kookana RS
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia.
FAU - Williams, Mike
AU  - Williams M
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia.
FAU - Du, Jun
AU  - Du J
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia.
FAU - Doan, Hai
AU  - Doan H
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia.
FAU - Kumar, Anupama
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160517
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 33CM23913M (Carbamazepine)
RN  - 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbamazepine/*chemistry
MH  - Chlorine
MH  - *Photolysis
MH  - Sunlight
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbamazepine
OT  - Free available chlorine
OT  - Photolysis
OT  - Sunlight
EDAT- 2016/05/28 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2016/05/28 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/05/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/05/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0043-1354(16)30374-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.048 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2016 Sep 1;100:413-420. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.048. Epub 2016 
      May 17.