PMID- 27234314
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170512
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1879-3185 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-483X (Linking)
VI  - 376
DP  - 2017 Feb 1
TI  - Recreational use of marijuana during pregnancy and negative gestational and fetal 
      outcomes: An experimental study in mice.
PG  - 94-101
LID - S0300-483X(16)30074-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.020 [doi]
AB  - The prevalence of marijuana use among pregnant women is high. However, the 
      effects on gestation and fetal development are not well known. Epidemiological 
      and experimental studies present conflicting results because of the route of 
      administration, dose, time of exposure, species used, and how Cannabis toxicity 
      is tested (prepared extracts, specific components, or by pyrolysis). In this 
      study, we experimentally investigated the effects of maternal inhalation of 
      Cannabis sativa smoke representing as nearly as possible real world conditions of 
      human marijuana use. Pregnant mice (n=20) were exposed (nose-only) daily for 5min 
      to marijuana smoke (0.2g of Cannabis) from gestational day (GD) 5.5 to GD17.5 or 
      filtered air. Food intake and maternal weight gain were recorded. Ultrasound 
      biomicroscopy was performed on 10.5 and 16.5dpc.On GD18.5, half of the dams were 
      euthanized for the evaluation of term fetus, placenta, and resorptions. Gestation 
      length, parturition, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated in the other half. Five 
      minutes of daily (low dose) exposure during pregnancy resulted in reduced 
      birthweight, and litter size was not altered; however, the number of male pups 
      per litter was higher. Besides, placental wet weight was increased and fetal to 
      placental weight ratio was decreased in male fetuses, showing a sex-specific 
      effect. At the end of gestation, females from the Cannabis group presented 
      reduced maternal net body weight gain, despite a slight increase in their daily 
      food intake compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results indicate 
      that smoking marijuana during pregnancy even at low doses can be embryotoxic and 
      fetotoxic.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Benevenuto, Sarah G
AU  - Benevenuto SG
AD  - Department of Surgery, Sector of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and 
      Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Domenico, Marlise D
AU  - Domenico MD
AD  - Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of 
      Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Martins, Marco Antonio G
AU  - Martins MA
AD  - Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of 
      Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Costa, Natalia S
AU  - Costa NS
AD  - Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of 
      Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza, Ana Rosa L
AU  - de Souza AR
AD  - Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Costa, Jose L
AU  - Costa JL
AD  - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
FAU - Tavares, Marina F M
AU  - Tavares MF
AD  - Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Dolhnikoff, Marisa
AU  - Dolhnikoff M
AD  - Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of 
      Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Veras, Mariana Matera
AU  - Veras MM
AD  - Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of 
      Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: 
      verasine@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160524
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Toxicology
JT  - Toxicology
JID - 0361055
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cannabis/*toxicity
MH  - Eating/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Development/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*toxicity
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Marijuana Smoking/*adverse effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*chemically induced/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Ultrasonography, Prenatal
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cannabis sativa
OT  - Embryo implantation
OT  - Fetal development
OT  - Pregnancy
OT  - Smoking
EDAT- 2016/05/29 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2016/05/29 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/05/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/05/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0300-483X(16)30074-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.020 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicology. 2017 Feb 1;376:94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.020. Epub 2016 May 
      24.