PMID- 27250145
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180703
LR  - 20180703
IS  - 1520-8524 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-4966 (Linking)
VI  - 139
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 May
TI  - Influence of voxelization on finite difference time domain simulations of 
      head-related transfer functions.
PG  - 2489
LID - 10.1121/1.4947546 [doi]
AB  - The scattering around the human pinna that is captured by the Head-Related 
      Transfer Functions (HRTFs) is a complex problem that creates uncertainties in 
      both acoustical measurements and simulations. Within the simulation framework of 
      Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) with axis-aligned staircase boundaries 
      resulting from a voxelization process, the voxelization-based uncertainty 
      propagating in the HRTF-captured sound field is quantified for one solid and two 
      surface voxelization algorithms. Simulated results utilizing a laser-scanned mesh 
      of Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) show that in the 
      context of complex geometries with local topology comparable to grid spacing such 
      as the human pinna, the voxelization-related uncertainties in simulations emerge 
      at lower frequencies than the generally used accuracy bandwidths. Numerical 
      simulations show that the voxelization process induces both random error and 
      algorithm-dependent bias in the simulated HRTF spectral features. Frequencies fr 
      below which the random error is bounded by various dB thresholds are estimated 
      and predicted. Particular shortcomings of the used voxelization algorithms are 
      identified and the influence of the surface impedance on the induced errors is 
      studied. Simulations are also validated against measurements.
FAU - Prepelita, Sebastian
AU  - Prepelita S
AD  - Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Otaniementie 17, FI-02150, 
      Espoo, Finland.
FAU - Geronazzo, Michele
AU  - Geronazzo M
AD  - Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 
      6/A, 35131, Padova, Italy.
FAU - Avanzini, Federico
AU  - Avanzini F
AD  - Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 
      6/A, 35131, Padova, Italy.
FAU - Savioja, Lauri
AU  - Savioja L
AD  - Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Otaniementie 17, FI-02150, 
      Espoo, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Acoust Soc Am
JT  - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JID - 7503051
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acoustics
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - *Computer Simulation
MH  - Ear Auricle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Head/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Manikins
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Motion
MH  - Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Scattering, Radiation
MH  - *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - *Sound
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2016/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/04 06:00
CRDT- 2016/06/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1121/1.4947546 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 May;139(5):2489. doi: 10.1121/1.4947546.