PMID- 27252869
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160602
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 2052-3211 (Print)
IS  - 2052-3211 (Electronic)
IS  - 2052-3211 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2016
TI  - Article 1: Supervision, Performance Assessment, and Recognition Strategy (SPARS) 
      - a multipronged intervention strategy for strengthening medicines management in 
      Uganda: method presentation and facility performance at baseline.
PG  - 21
LID - 10.1186/s40545-016-0070-x [doi]
LID - 21
AB  - BACKGROUND: Uganda introduced a multipronged intervention, the supervision, 
      performance assessment, and recognition strategy (SPARS), to improve medicines 
      management (MM) in public and not-for-profit health facilities. This paper, the 
      first in a series, describes the SPARS intervention and reports on the MM 
      situation in Uganda before SPARS (baseline). METHODS: To build MM capacity at 
      health facilities, health workers were trained as MM supervisors to visit health 
      facilities, assess MM performance, and use the findings to provide support and 
      standardize MM practices. Performance is assessed based on 25 MM indicators 
      covering five domains: dispensing quality (7 indicators), prescribing quality 
      (5), stock management (4), storage management (5) and ordering and reporting (4). 
      From the end of 2010 to 2013, MM supervisors assessed baseline MM performance of 
      1384 government (85 %) and private not-for-profit facilities at all levels of 
      care in about half of Uganda's districts. RESULTS: The overall MM baseline median 
      score was 10.3 out of a maximum of 25 with inter-quartile range (IQR) of 
      8.7-11.7. Facility domain scores (out of a maximum of 5) were as follows: storage 
      management, median score of 2.9 (IQR 2.3-3.4); stock management 2.3 (IQR 
      2.0-2.8), ordering and reporting 2.2 (IQR 1.3-2.5), and dispensing quality 2.1 
      (IQR 1.7-2.7). Performance in prescribing quality was 0.9 (IQR 0.4-1.4). 
      Significant regional differences were found: overall scores were highest in the 
      Northern region (10.7; IQR 9.2-12.4) and lowest in the Eastern region (9.6; (IQR 
      7.8-11.2) (p < 0.001). Overall scores did not differ by facility ownership; 
      however, government facilities scored lower in dispensing and storage and higher 
      in ordering and reporting. Hospitals scored higher overall and in domains other 
      than prescribing and stock management. Districts classified a priori as having 
      high capacity for implementing SPARS had higher scores at baseline compared to 
      lower-capacity districts. CONCLUSION: Assessing and building national capacity in 
      MM is needed in both private not-for-profit and government facilities at all 
      levels of care. The indicator-based, multipronged SPARS assessment has been 
      described here, while the strategy's impact has yet to be documented.
FAU - Trap, Birna
AU  - Trap B
AD  - Management Sciences for Health, Plot 15, Princess Anne Drive, P.O. Box 71419, 
      Bugolobi, Kampala Uganda.
FAU - Ladwar, Denis Okidi
AU  - Ladwar DO
AD  - Management Sciences for Health, Plot 15, Princess Anne Drive, P.O. Box 71419, 
      Bugolobi, Kampala Uganda.
FAU - Oteba, Martin Olowo
AU  - Oteba MO
AD  - Ministry of Health Uganda Pharmacy Division, Plot 6/Lourdel Rd, P.O. Box 7272 
      Kampala, Uganda.
FAU - Embrey, Martha
AU  - Embrey M
AD  - Management Sciences for Health, 4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 
      22203 USA.
FAU - Khalid, Mohammed
AU  - Khalid M
AD  - Management Sciences for Health, Plot 15, Princess Anne Drive, P.O. Box 71419, 
      Bugolobi, Kampala Uganda.
FAU - Wagner, Anita Katharina
AU  - Wagner AK
AD  - Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 133 Brookline Avenue, 6th Floor, Boston, 
      MA 02215 USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160531
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Policy Pract
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice
JID - 101627192
PMC - PMC4888637
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Medicines management
OT  - Medicines management indicators
OT  - Performance assessment
OT  - Pharmacy indicators
OT  - Public sector
OT  - Supervision
OT  - Uganda
EDAT- 2016/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/03 06:01
PMCR- 2016/05/31
CRDT- 2016/06/03 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/06/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/05/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 70 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s40545-016-0070-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Pharm Policy Pract. 2016 May 31;9:21. doi: 10.1186/s40545-016-0070-x. 
      eCollection 2016.