PMID- 27257032
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171227
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1461-7285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 7
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - Caffeine alters the behavioural and body temperature responses to mephedrone 
      without causing long-term neurotoxicity in rats.
PG  - 698-706
LID - 10.1177/0269881116650408 [doi]
AB  - Administration of caffeine with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) alters 
      the pharmacological properties of MDMA in rats. The current study examined 
      whether caffeine alters the behavioural and neurochemical effects of mephedrone, 
      which has similar psychoactive effects to MDMA. Rats received either saline, 
      mephedrone (10 mg/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg) or combined caffeine and mephedrone 
      intraperitoneally twice weekly on consecutive days for three weeks. Locomotor 
      activity (days 1 and 16), novel object discrimination (NOD, day 2), elevated plus 
      maze (EPM) exploration (day 8), rectal temperature changes (day 9) and pre-pulse 
      inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response (day 15) were assessed. Seven days 
      after the final injection, brain regions were collected for the measurement of 
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and their metabolites. Combined caffeine and 
      mephedrone further enhanced the locomotor response observed following either drug 
      administered alone, and converted mephedrone-induced hypothermia to hyperthermia. 
      Co-administration also abolished mephedrone-induced anxiogenic response on the 
      EPM, but had no effect on NOD or PPI. Importantly, no long-term neurotoxicity was 
      detected following repeated mephedrone alone or when co-administered with 
      caffeine. In conclusion, the study suggests a potentially dangerous effect of 
      concomitant caffeine and mephedrone, and highlights the importance of taking 
      polydrug use into consideration when investigating the acute adverse effect 
      profile of popular recreational drugs.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2016.
FAU - Shortall, Sinead E
AU  - Shortall SE
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University 
      of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
FAU - Green, A Richard
AU  - Green AR
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University 
      of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
FAU - Fone, Kevin Cf
AU  - Fone KC
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University 
      of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
FAU - King, Madeleine V
AU  - King MV
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University 
      of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK madeleine.king@nottingham.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160601
PL  - United States
TA  - J Psychopharmacol
JT  - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
JID - 8907828
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin)
RN  - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 8BA8T27317 (mephedrone)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Body Temperature/*drug effects
MH  - Brain/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Caffeine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects
MH  - Dopamine/pharmacology
MH  - Fever/chemically induced/metabolism
MH  - Hypothermia/chemically induced/metabolism
MH  - Illicit Drugs/pharmacology
MH  - Locomotion/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/pharmacology
MH  - Neurotoxicity Syndromes/*etiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Reflex, Startle/drug effects
MH  - Serotonin/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mephedrone
OT  - anxiety
OT  - body temperature
OT  - caffeine
OT  - locomotor activity
EDAT- 2016/06/04 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/28 06:00
CRDT- 2016/06/04 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 0269881116650408 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0269881116650408 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychopharmacol. 2016 Jul;30(7):698-706. doi: 10.1177/0269881116650408. Epub 
      2016 Jun 1.