PMID- 27265163
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170512
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1525-3198 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 99
IP  - 8
DP  - 2016 Aug
TI  - Bacterial counts on teat skin and in new sand, recycled sand, and recycled manure 
      solids used as bedding in freestalls.
PG  - 6594-6608
LID - S0022-0302(16)30322-8 [pii]
LID - 10.3168/jds.2015-10674 [doi]
AB  - On modern dairy farms, environmental mastitis pathogens are usually the 
      predominant cause of mastitis, and bedding often serves as a point of exposure to 
      these organisms. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine 
      bacterial populations of 4 different bedding types [deep-bedded new sand (NES), 
      deep-bedded recycled sand (RS), deep-bedded manure solids (DBMS), and 
      shallow-bedded manure solids over foam core mattresses (SBMS)] and of teat skin 
      swabs of primarily primiparous cows housed in a single facility over all 4 
      seasons. Samples of bedding were collected weekly (n=49wk) from pens that each 
      contained 32 lactating dairy cows. Throughout the length of the same period, 
      composite swabs of teat skin were collected weekly from all cows before and after 
      premilking teat sanitation. Median numbers of streptococci and streptococci-like 
      organisms (SSLO) were >8.6x10(6) cfu/g and >6.9x10(3) cfu/teat swab for all 
      bedding types and teat swabs, respectively. Numbers of SSLO were greatest in 
      samples of SBMS (2.1x10(8) cfu/g) and least in samples of NES (8.6x10(6) cfu/g), 
      RS (1.3x10(7) cfu/g), and DBMS (1.7x10(7) cfu/g). Numbers of gram-negative 
      bacteria in bedding (5.5x10(4) to 1.2x10(7) cfu/g) were fewer than numbers of 
      SSLO (8.6x10(6) to 2.1x10(8) cfu/g). Numbers of coliform bacteria were greatest 
      in samples of DBMS (2.2x10(6) cfu/g) and least in samples of NES (3.6x10(3) 
      cfu/g). In general, the relative number of bacteria on teat skin corresponded to 
      exposure in bedding. Numbers of gram-negative bacteria recovered from 
      prepreparation teat swabs were greatest for cows bedded with DBMS (1.0x10(4) 
      cfu/swab) and RS (2.5x10(3) cfu/swab) and least for cows bedded with NES 
      (5.8x10(2) cfu/swab). Median numbers of coliform and Klebsiella spp. recovered 
      from prepreparation teat swabs were below the limit of detection for all cows 
      except those bedded with DBMS. Numbers of SSLO recovered from prepreparation teat 
      swabs were least for cows bedded with DBMS (6.9x10(3) cfu/swab) and greatest for 
      cows bedded with RS (5.1x10(4) cfu/swab) or SBMS (1.6x10(5) cfu/swab). The 
      numbers of all types of measured bacteria (total gram-negative, coliforms, 
      Klebsiella spp., SSLO) on postpreparation teat swabs were reduced by up to 2.6 
      logs from numbers of bacteria on prepreparation swabs, verifying effective 
      preparation procedures. Significant correlations between bacterial counts of 
      bedding samples and teat skin swabs were observed for several types of bacteria. 
      As compared with other bedding types, the least amount of gram-negative bacteria 
      were recovered from NES and may indicate that cows on NES have a reduced risk of 
      exposure to pathogens that are typically a cause of clinical mastitis. In 
      contrast, exposure to large numbers of SSLO was consistent across all bedding 
      types and may indicate that risk of subclinical mastitis typically associated 
      with streptococci is not as influenced by bedding type; however, significantly 
      greater numbers of SSLO were found in SBMS than in other bedding types. These 
      findings indicate that use of different bedding types results in exposure to 
      different distributions of mastitis pathogens that may alter the proportion of 
      etiologies of clinical mastitis, although the incidence rate of clinical mastitis 
      did not differ among bedding types.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Rowbotham, R F
AU  - Rowbotham RF
AD  - Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; Grande 
      Cheese Company, Brownsville, WI 53006. Electronic address: 
      rob.rowbotham@grande.com.
FAU - Ruegg, P L
AU  - Ruegg PL
AD  - Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160602
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
RN  - 0 (Manure)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Load/veterinary
MH  - Cattle/*microbiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Housing, Animal
MH  - Lactation
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Manure/*microbiology
MH  - Mastitis, Bovine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bacteria
OT  - dairy cow
OT  - mastitis
OT  - milk quality
EDAT- 2016/06/07 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2016/06/07 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/06/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0022-0302(16)30322-8 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.2015-10674 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2016 Aug;99(8):6594-6608. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10674. Epub 2016 Jun 
      2.