PMID- 27289213
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171109
LR  - 20191008
IS  - 1872-7506 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-1781 (Print)
IS  - 0925-4927 (Linking)
VI  - 254
DP  - 2016 Aug 30
TI  - Relation between cannabis use and subcortical volumes in people at clinical high 
      risk of psychosis.
PG  - 3-9
LID - S0925-4927(16)30053-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.001 [doi]
AB  - Among people at genetic risk of schizophrenia, those who use cannabis show 
      smaller thalamic and hippocampal volumes. We evaluated this relationship in 
      people at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. The Alcohol and Drug Use Scale 
      was used to identify 132 CHR cannabis users, the majority of whom were 
      non-dependent cannabis users, 387 CHR non-users, and 204 healthy control 
      non-users, and all participants completed magnetic resonance imaging scans. 
      Volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala were extracted with FreeSurfer, 
      and compared across groups. Comparing all CHR participants with healthy control 
      participants revealed no significant differences in volumes of any ROI. However, 
      when comparing CHR users to CHR non-users, a significant ROIxCannabis group 
      effect emerged: CHR users showed significantly smaller amygdala compared to CHR 
      non-users. However, when limiting analysis to CHR subjects who reported using 
      alcohol at a 'use without impairment' severity level, the amygdala effect was 
      non-significant; rather, smaller hippocampal volumes were seen in CHR cannabis 
      users compared to non-users. Controlling statistically for effects of alcohol and 
      tobacco use rendered all results non-significant. These results highlight the 
      importance of controlling for residual confounding effects of other substance use 
      when examining the relationship between cannabis use and neural structure.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Buchy, Lisa
AU  - Buchy L
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Mathalon, Daniel H
AU  - Mathalon DH
AD  - University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
FAU - Cannon, Tyrone D
AU  - Cannon TD
AD  - Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
FAU - Cadenhead, Kristin S
AU  - Cadenhead KS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States.
FAU - Cornblatt, Barbara A
AU  - Cornblatt BA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United 
      States.
FAU - McGlashan, Thomas H
AU  - McGlashan TH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, Unites States.
FAU - Perkins, Diana O
AU  - Perkins DO
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United 
      States.
FAU - Seidman, Larry J
AU  - Seidman LJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical 
      Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
FAU - Tsuang, Ming T
AU  - Tsuang MT
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States.
FAU - Walker, Elaine F
AU  - Walker EF
AD  - Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United 
      States.
FAU - Woods, Scott W
AU  - Woods SW
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, Unites States.
FAU - Bearden, Carrie E
AU  - Bearden CE
AD  - Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los 
      Angeles, CA, United States.
FAU - Addington, Jean
AU  - Addington J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 
      Electronic address: jmadding@ucalgary.ca.
LA  - eng
GR  - U01 MH082022/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081984/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081902/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 MH080272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081988/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 MH066286/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH076989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K24 MH076191/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH060720/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081928/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081857/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH082004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081944/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160602
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging
JT  - Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging
JID - 101723001
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amygdala/*pathology
MH  - Cannabis/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Hippocampus/*pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*pathology
MH  - Thalamus/*pathology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC5037437
MID - NIHMS794548
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - *Amygdala
OT  - *Hippocampus
OT  - *Magnetic resonance imaging
OT  - *Marijuana
OT  - *Neuroanatomy
OT  - *Schizophrenia
OT  - *Thalamus
COIS- All authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2016/06/13 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/10 06:00
PMCR- 2017/08/30
CRDT- 2016/06/13 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/06/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/06/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0925-4927(16)30053-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2016 Aug 30;254:3-9. doi: 
      10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.001. Epub 2016 Jun 2.