PMID- 27313539
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160617
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2016
TI  - Molecular Markers of Diabetic Retinopathy: Potential Screening Tool of the 
      Future?
PG  - 200
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2016.00200 [doi]
LID - 200
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among the leading causes of new onset blindness in 
      adults. Effective treatment may delay the onset and progression of this disease 
      provided it is diagnosed early. At present retinopathy can only be diagnosed via 
      formal examination of the eye by a trained specialist, which limits the 
      population that can be effectively screened. An easily accessible, reliable 
      screening biomarker of diabetic retinopathy would be of tremendous benefit in 
      detecting the population in need of further assessment and treatment. This review 
      highlights specific biomarkers that show promise as screening markers to detect 
      early diabetic retinopathy or even to detect patients at increased risk of DR at 
      the time of diagnosis of diabetes. The pathobiology of DR is complex and 
      multifactorial giving rise to a wide array of potential biomarkers. This review 
      provides an overview of these pathways and looks at older markers such as 
      advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory markers, vascular 
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as other newer proteins with a role in 
      the pathogenesis of DR including neuroprotective factors such as brain derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF); 
      SA100A12, pentraxin 3, brain natriuretic peptide, apelin 3, and chemerin as well 
      as various metabolites such as lipoprotein A, folate, and homocysteine. We also 
      consider the possible role of proteins identified through proteomics work whose 
      levels are altered in the sera of patients with DR as screening markers though 
      their role in pathophysiology remains to be characterized. The role of microRNA 
      as a promising new screening marker is also discussed.
FAU - Pusparajah, Priyia
AU  - Pusparajah P
AD  - Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia 
      Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
FAU - Lee, Learn-Han
AU  - Lee LH
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of 
      Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand.
FAU - Abdul Kadir, Khalid
AU  - Abdul Kadir K
AD  - Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia 
      Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160601
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC4887489
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - diabetic retinopathy
OT  - early stage retinopathy
OT  - personalized medicine
OT  - screening
EDAT- 2016/06/18 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/18 06:01
PMCR- 2016/06/01
CRDT- 2016/06/18 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/06/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2016.00200 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;7:200. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00200. eCollection 2016.