PMID- 27339889
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170612
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 1759-5037 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 10
DP  - 2016 Oct
TI  - Pharmacology and therapeutic implications of current drugs for type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus.
PG  - 566-92
LID - 10.1038/nrendo.2016.86 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic that poses a major challenge 
      to health-care systems. Improving metabolic control to approach normal glycaemia 
      (where practical) greatly benefits long-term prognoses and justifies early, 
      effective, sustained and safety-conscious intervention. Improvements in the 
      understanding of the complex pathogenesis of T2DM have underpinned the 
      development of glucose-lowering therapies with complementary mechanisms of 
      action, which have expanded treatment options and facilitated individualized 
      management strategies. Over the past decade, several new classes of 
      glucose-lowering agents have been licensed, including glucagon-like peptide 1 
      receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and 
      sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. These agents can be used 
      individually or in combination with well-established treatments such as 
      biguanides, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Although novel agents have 
      potential advantages including low risk of hypoglycaemia and help with weight 
      control, long-term safety has yet to be established. In this Review, we assess 
      the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles, including 
      cardiovascular safety, of currently available therapies for management of 
      hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM within the context of disease pathogenesis 
      and natural history. In addition, we briefly describe treatment algorithms for 
      patients with T2DM and lessons from present therapies to inform the development 
      of future therapies.
FAU - Tahrani, Abd A
AU  - Tahrani AA
AD  - Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2nd Floor, Institute of 
      Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, 
      Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK.
FAU - Barnett, Anthony H
AU  - Barnett AH
AD  - Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2nd Floor, Institute of 
      Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, 
      Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK.
FAU - Bailey, Clifford J
AU  - Bailey CJ
AD  - School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - CS-2013-13-029/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom
GR  - RTF/01/094/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160624
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Endocrinol
JT  - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JID - 101500078
RN  - 0 (Benzamides)
RN  - 0 (Biguanides)
RN  - 0 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor)
RN  - 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonylurea Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 8V6OK1I088 (meglitinide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Biguanides/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
MH  - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
MH  - Sulfonylurea Compounds/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology/therapeutic use
EDAT- 2016/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/25 06:01
CRDT- 2016/06/25 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:01 [medline]
AID - nrendo.2016.86 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/nrendo.2016.86 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Oct;12(10):566-92. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.86. Epub 
      2016 Jun 24.