PMID- 27340624
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160624
LR  - 20231105
IS  - 2228-5652 (Print)
IS  - 2228-5660 (Electronic)
IS  - 2228-5652 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016
TI  - Advanced drug delivery and targeting technologies for the ocular diseases.
PG  - 49-67
LID - 10.15171/bi.2016.07 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Ocular targeted therapy has enormously been advanced by 
      implementation of new methods of drug delivery and targeting using implantable 
      drug delivery systems (DDSs) or devices (DDDs), stimuli-responsive advanced 
      biomaterials, multimodal nanomedicines, cell therapy modalities and medical 
      bioMEMs. These technologies tackle several ocular diseases such as 
      inflammation-based diseases (e.g., scleritis, keratitis, uveitis, iritis, 
      conjunctivitis, chorioretinitis, choroiditis, retinitis, retinochoroiditis), 
      ocular hypertension and neuropathy, age-related macular degeneration and 
      mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). 
      Such therapies appear to provide ultimate treatments, even though much more 
      effective, yet biocompatible, noninvasive therapies are needed to control some 
      disabling ocular diseases/disorders. METHODS: In the current study, we have 
      reviewed and discussed recent advancements on ocular targeted therapies. RESULTS: 
      On the ground that the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of ophthalmic 
      drugs need special techniques, most of ocular DDSs/devices developments have been 
      designed to localized therapy within the eye. Application of advanced DDSs such 
      as Subconjunctival insert/implants (e.g., latanoprost implant, Gamunex-C), 
      episcleral implant (e.g., LX201), cationic emulsions (e.g., Cationorm, Vekacia, 
      Cyclokat), intac/punctal plug DDSs (latanoprost punctal plug delivery system, 
      L-PPDS), and intravitreal implants (I-vitaion, NT-501, NT- 503, MicroPump, 
      Thethadur, IB-20089 Verisome, Cortiject, DE-102, Retisert, Iluvein and 
      Ozurdex) have significantly improved the treatment of ocular diseases. However, 
      most of these DDSs/devices are applied invasively and even need surgical 
      procedures. Of these, use of de novo technologies such as advanced 
      stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, multimodal nanosystems (NSs)/nanoconjugates 
      (NCs), biomacromolecualr scaffolds, and bioengineered cell therapies need to be 
      further advanced to get better compliance and higher clinical impacts. 
      CONCLUSION: Despite mankind successful battle on ocular diseases, our challenge 
      will continue to battle the ocular disease that happen with aging. Yet, we need 
      to understand the molecular aspects of eye diseases in a holistic way and develop 
      ultimate treatment protocols preferably as non-invasive systems.
FAU - Barar, Jaleh
AU  - Barar J
AD  - Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Aghanejad, Ayuob
AU  - Aghanejad A
AD  - Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Fathi, Marziyeh
AU  - Fathi M
AD  - Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Omidi, Yadollah
AU  - Omidi Y
AD  - Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160330
PL  - Iran
TA  - Bioimpacts
JT  - BioImpacts : BI
JID - 101558125
PMC - PMC4916551
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Eye diseases
OT  - Intraocular drug delivery
OT  - Ocular barriers
OT  - Ocular drug targeting
OT  - Ocular pharmacotherapy
OT  - Ophthalmic implants
OT  - Ophthalmology
OT  - Targeted therapy
EDAT- 2016/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/25 06:01
PMCR- 2016/01/01
CRDT- 2016/06/25 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/03/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.15171/bi.2016.07 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Bioimpacts. 2016;6(1):49-67. doi: 10.15171/bi.2016.07. Epub 2016 Mar 30.