PMID- 27358030 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170801 LR - 20180212 IS - 1557-7422 (Electronic) IS - 1043-0342 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 11 DP - 2016 Nov TI - Insulin Therapy Improves Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in Mice and Cultured Cells. PG - 892-905 AB - Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer is a promising treatment for genetic abnormalities. Optimal AAV vectors are showing success in clinical trials. Gene transfer to skeletal muscle and liver is being explored as a potential therapy for some conditions, that is, alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT) disorder and hemophilia B. Exploring approaches that enhance transduction of liver and skeletal muscle, using these vectors, is beneficial for gene therapy. Regulating hormones as an approach to improve AAV transduction is largely unexplored. In this study we tested whether insulin therapy improves liver and skeletal muscle gene transfer. In vitro studies demonstrated that the temporary coadministration (2, 8, and 24 hr) of insulin significantly improves AAV2-CMV-LacZ transduction of cultured liver cells and differentiated myofibers, but not of lung cells. In addition, there was a dose response related to this improved transduction. Interestingly, when insulin was not coadministered with the virus but given 24 hr afterward, there was no increase in the transgene product. Insulin receptor gene (INSR) expression levels were increased 5- to 13-fold in cultured liver cells and differentiated myofibers when compared with lung cells. Similar INSR gene expression profiles occurred in mouse tissues. Insulin therapy was performed in mice, using a subcutaneously implanted insulin pellet or a high-carbohydrate diet. Insulin treatment began just before intramuscular delivery of AAV1-CMV-schFIX or liver-directed delivery of AAV8-CMV-schFIX and continued for 28 days. Both insulin augmentation therapies improved skeletal muscle- and liver-directed gene transduction in mice as seen by a 3.0- to 4.5-fold increase in human factor IX (hFIX) levels. The improvement was observed even after the insulin therapy ended. Monitoring insulin showed that insulin levels increased during the brief period of rAAV delivery and during the entire insulin augmentation period (28 days). This study demonstrates that AAV transduction of liver or skeletal muscle can be improved by insulin therapy. FAU - Carrig, Sean AU - Carrig S AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York. FAU - Bijjiga, Enoch AU - Bijjiga E AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York. FAU - Wopat, Mitchell J AU - Wopat MJ AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York. FAU - Martino, Ashley T AU - Martino AT AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160629 PL - United States TA - Hum Gene Ther JT - Human gene therapy JID - 9008950 RN - 0 (Insulin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Dependovirus/*genetics MH - Female MH - *Genetic Therapy MH - Genetic Vectors/*administration & dosage MH - Humans MH - Insulin/*genetics MH - Liver/cytology/*metabolism MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/*metabolism MH - Transduction, Genetic OTO - NOTNLM OT - AAV OT - insulin therapy OT - liver OT - skeletal muscle OT - transduction EDAT- 2016/07/01 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/02 06:00 CRDT- 2016/07/01 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/01 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1089/hum.2016.073 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hum Gene Ther. 2016 Nov;27(11):892-905. doi: 10.1089/hum.2016.073. Epub 2016 Jun 29.