PMID- 27388235
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170118
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 177
DP  - 2016 Aug
TI  - Single and mixture effects of aquatic micropollutants studied in precision-cut 
      liver slices of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
PG  - 395-404
LID - S0166-445X(16)30176-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.013 [doi]
AB  - The low concentrations of most contaminants in the aquatic environment 
      individually may not affect the normal function of the organisms on their own. 
      However, when combined, complex mixtures may provoke unexpected effects even at 
      low amounts. Selected aquatic micropollutants such as chlorpyrifos, 
      bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 
      17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were tested singly and in mixtures at nM to muM 
      concentrations using precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) of Atlantic cod (Gadus 
      morhua). Fish liver is a target organ for contaminants due to its crucial role in 
      detoxification processes. In order to understand the effects on distinct key 
      liver metabolic pathways, transcription levels of various genes were measured, 
      including cyp1a1 and cyp3a, involved in the metabolism of organic compounds, 
      including toxic ones, and the catabolism of bile acids and steroid hormones; 
      cyp7a1, fabp and hmg-CoA, involved in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis; cyp24a1, 
      involved in vitamin D metabolism; and vtg, a key gene in xenoestrogenic response. 
      Only EE2 had significant effects on gene expression in cod liver slices when 
      exposed singly at the concentrations tested. However, when exposed in 
      combinations, effects not detected in single exposure conditions arose, 
      suggesting complex interactions between studied pollutants that could not be 
      predicted from the results of individual exposure scenarios. Thus, the present 
      work highlights the importance of assessing mixtures when describing the toxic 
      effects of micropollutants to fish liver metabolism.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bizarro, Cristina
AU  - Bizarro C
AD  - Dept. Zoology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research 
      Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the 
      Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country Spain.
FAU - Eide, Marta
AU  - Eide M
AD  - Dept. of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
FAU - Hitchcock, Daniel J
AU  - Hitchcock DJ
AD  - Dept. of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Dept.of 
      Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Goksoyr, Anders
AU  - Goksoyr A
AD  - Dept. of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
FAU - Ortiz-Zarragoitia, Maren
AU  - Ortiz-Zarragoitia M
AD  - Dept. Zoology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research 
      Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the 
      Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country Spain. Electronic address: 
      maren.ortiz@ehu.eus.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160618
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Caprylates)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 423D2T571U (Ethinyl Estradiol)
RN  - 947VD76D3L (perfluorooctanoic acid)
RN  - C42K0PH13C (Diethylhexyl Phthalate)
RN  - JCS58I644W (Chlorpyrifos)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Caprylates/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Chlorpyrifos/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Diethylhexyl Phthalate/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Ethinyl Estradiol/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Fluorocarbons/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Gadus morhua/*metabolism
MH  - Inactivation, Metabolic
MH  - Liver/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Toxicity Tests
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cod
OT  - Contaminant mixtures
OT  - Emerging pollutants
OT  - Liver metabolism
OT  - Precision-cut liver slices
EDAT- 2016/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/19 06:00
CRDT- 2016/07/09 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/06/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/06/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0166-445X(16)30176-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2016 Aug;177:395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.013. Epub 
      2016 Jun 18.