PMID- 27390211 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170621 LR - 20181113 IS - 1941-3084 (Electronic) IS - 1941-3149 (Print) IS - 1941-3084 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 7 DP - 2016 Jul TI - Nonischemic Left Ventricular Scar as a Substrate of Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Competitive Athletes. PG - e004229 LID - e004229 [pii] LID - 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004229 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The clinical profile and arrhythmic outcome of competitive athletes with isolated nonischemic left ventricular (LV) scar as evidenced by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance remain to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared 35 athletes (80% men, age: 14-48 years) with ventricular arrhythmias and isolated LV subepicardial/midmyocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (group A) with 38 athletes with ventricular arrhythmias and no LGE (group B) and 40 healthy control athletes (group C). A stria LGE pattern with subepicardial/midmyocardial distribution, mostly involving the lateral LV wall, was found in 27 (77%) of group A versus 0 controls (group C; P<0.001), whereas a spotty pattern of LGE localized at the junction of the right ventricle to the septum was respectively observed in 11 (31%) versus 10 (25%; P=0.52). All athletes with stria pattern showed ventricular arrhythmias with a predominant right bundle branch block morphology, 13 of 27 (48%) showed ECG repolarization abnormalities, and 5 of 27 (19%) showed echocardiographic hypokinesis of the lateral LV wall. The majority of athletes with no or spotty LGE pattern had ventricular arrhythmias with a predominant left bundle branch block morphology and no ECG or echocardiographic abnormalities. During a follow-up of 38+/-25 months, 6 of 27 (22%) athletes with stria pattern experienced malignant arrhythmic events such as appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shock (n=4), sustained ventricular tachycardia (n=1), or sudden death (n=1), compared with none of athletes with no or LGE spotty pattern and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated nonischemic LV LGE with a stria pattern may be associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death in the athlete. Because of its subepicardial/midmyocardial location, LV scar is often not detected by echocardiography. CI - (c) 2016 The Authors. FAU - Zorzi, Alessandro AU - Zorzi A AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Perazzolo Marra, Martina AU - Perazzolo Marra M AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Rigato, Ilaria AU - Rigato I AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - De Lazzari, Manuel AU - De Lazzari M AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Susana, Angela AU - Susana A AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Niero, Alice AU - Niero A AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Pilichou, Kalliopi AU - Pilichou K AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Migliore, Federico AU - Migliore F AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Rizzo, Stefania AU - Rizzo S AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Giorgi, Benedetta AU - Giorgi B AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - De Conti, Giorgio AU - De Conti G AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Sarto, Patrizio AU - Sarto P AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Serratosa, Luis AU - Serratosa L AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Patrizi, Giampiero AU - Patrizi G AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - De Maria, Elia AU - De Maria E AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Pelliccia, Antonio AU - Pelliccia A AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Basso, Cristina AU - Basso C AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Schiavon, Maurizio AU - Schiavon M AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Bauce, Barbara AU - Bauce B AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Iliceto, Sabino AU - Iliceto S AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Thiene, Gaetano AU - Thiene G AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). FAU - Corrado, Domenico AU - Corrado D AD - From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (A.Z., M.P.M., I.R., M.D.L., A.S., A.N., K.P., F.M., S.R., C.B., B.B., S.I., G.T., D.C.) and Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine (B.G.), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy (G.D.C.); Center for Sports Medicine, Treviso, Italy (P.S.); Unidad de Cardiologica del Deporte, Hospital Universitario Quiron, Madrid, Spain (L.S.); U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale B.Ramazzini, Carpi (MO), Italy (G.P., E.D.M.); Center for Sports Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy (A.P.); and Center for Sports Medicine, Padova, Italy (M.S.). domenico.corrado@unipd.it. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol JT - Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology JID - 101474365 RN - 0 (Contrast Media) RN - 0 (Organometallic Compounds) RN - 15G12L5X8K (gadobenic acid) RN - 6HG8UB2MUY (Meglumine) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - *Athletes MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cicatrix/*diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology MH - Contrast Media MH - *Death, Sudden, Cardiac MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods MH - Male MH - Meglumine/analogs & derivatives MH - Middle Aged MH - Organometallic Compounds MH - Tachycardia, Ventricular/*diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology PMC - PMC4956679 OTO - NOTNLM OT - athletes OT - cardiomyopathy OT - myocarditis OT - sport OT - sudden death EDAT- 2016/07/09 06:00 MHDA- 2017/06/22 06:00 PMCR- 2016/07/22 CRDT- 2016/07/09 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/05/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/06/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - CIRCEP.116.004229 [pii] AID - 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004229 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016 Jul;9(7):e004229. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004229.