PMID- 27391841 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170210 LR - 20181113 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2016 Jul 8 TI - Effects of Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule on neurovascular functions assessed by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. PG - 198 LID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z [doi] LID - 198 AB - BACKGROUND: Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for treating stroke-induced disability. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC), derived from the formula BYHWD, is a drug approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for stroke management. To further investigate the potential protective effects of XSECC on neurovascular functions, we endeavour to monitor the neurovascular functions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated histopathological changes of neurovascular unit (NVU) after stroke. METHODS: Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). XSECC (420 mg/kg) was orally administered 2 h after stroke and daily thereafter. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T2 relaxometry mapping and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to measure cerebral infarct volume, edema and white matter fiber integrity, respectively. Neurochemical metabolite levels were monitored by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) - cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements and structural magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images provided real-time and dynamic information about vascular hemodynamic dysfunction on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after pMCAO. At the last imaging time point, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to test the microscopic and ultrastructural changes of NVU. RESULTS: T2WI, T2 relaxometry mapping and Fractional anisotropy (FA) in DTI showed that XSECC significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, relieved edema and alleviated nerve fiber injuries, respectively. (1)H-MRS provided information about improvement of neuronal/glial metabolism after XSECC treatment. Moreover, ASL - CBF measurements combined with MRA showed that XSECC significantly increased CBF and vascular signal strength and alleviated ischemia-induced morphological changes of arteries in ischemic hemisphere within 14 days after stroke. In addition, neuron specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD34 staining and TEM detection indicated that XSECC not only ameliorated neuronal injury, but also reduced endothelial damage and inhibited astrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that XSECC has multi-target neurovascular protective effects on ischemic stroke, which may be closely correlated with the improvement of cerebral blood supply and neuronal/glial metabolism. FAU - Zhang, Jian AU - Zhang J AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zou, Haiyan AU - Zou H AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhang, Qiuxia AU - Zhang Q AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Lei AU - Wang L AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Lei, Jianfeng AU - Lei J AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Yali AU - Wang Y AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Ouyang, Junyao AU - Ouyang J AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhang, Yi AU - Zhang Y AD - School of Chinese Medicine, Hongkong Baptist University, Hongkong, People's Republic of China. yizhang714@163.com. FAU - Zhao, Hui AU - Zhao H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1327-2577 AD - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. zhaohuishouyi@sina.com. AD - Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. zhaohuishouyi@sina.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160708 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Capsules) RN - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Brain Edema/physiopathology MH - Capsules MH - Cerebral Infarction/*physiopathology MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*drug effects MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Nerve Fibers/drug effects MH - Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley PMC - PMC4938911 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cerebral blood flow OT - Ischemic stroke OT - Magnetic resonance image OT - Middle cerebral artery occlusion OT - Neurovascular unit OT - Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule EDAT- 2016/07/09 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/12 06:00 PMCR- 2016/07/08 CRDT- 2016/07/09 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/06/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/07/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z [pii] AID - 1184 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 8;16:198. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z.