PMID- 27398734
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170321
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1205-7541 (Electronic)
IS  - 0008-4212 (Print)
IS  - 0008-4212 (Linking)
VI  - 95
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Interactions of hyperhomocysteinemia and T cell immunity in causation of 
      hypertension.
PG  - 239-246
LID - 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0568 [doi]
AB  - Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for 
      cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a debate on whether HHcy is a risk factor 
      or just a biomarker. Interestingly, homocysteine lowering strategies in humans 
      had very little effect on reducing the cardiovascular risk, as compared with 
      animals; this may suggest heterogeneity in human population and epigenetic 
      alterations. Moreover, there are only few studies that suggest the idea that HHcy 
      contributes to CVD in the presence of other risk factors such as inflammation, a 
      known risk factor for CVD. Elevated levels of homocysteine have been shown to 
      contribute to inflammation. Here, we highlight possible relationships between 
      homocysteine, T cell immunity, and hypertension, and summarize the evidence that 
      suggested these factors act together in increasing the risk for CVD. In light of 
      this new evidence, we further propose that there is a need for evaluation of the 
      causes of HHcy, defective remethylation or defective transsulfuration, which may 
      differentially modulate hypertension progression, not just the homocysteine 
      levels.
FAU - Veeranki, Sudhakar
AU  - Veeranki S
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
FAU - Gandhapudi, Siva K
AU  - Gandhapudi SK
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
FAU - Tyagi, Suresh C
AU  - Tyagi SC
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, A-1216, School 
      of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Pres Street, Louisville, KY, 
      40202, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK104653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL074185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL108621/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160428
PL  - Canada
TA  - Can J Physiol Pharmacol
JT  - Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
JID - 0372712
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - *Blood Pressure
MH  - Homocysteine/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/blood/*complications/immunology
MH  - Hypertension/blood/*etiology/immunology/physiopathology
MH  - *Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/blood/immunology
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation
PMC - PMC5519337
MID - NIHMS877137
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T cells
OT  - cardiovascular disease
OT  - hyperhomocysteinemia
OT  - hyperhomocysteinemie
OT  - hypertension
OT  - inflammation
OT  - lymphocytes T
OT  - maladie cardiovasculaire
EDAT- 2016/07/12 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/23 06:00
PMCR- 2017/07/20
CRDT- 2016/07/12 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/07/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0568 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;95(3):239-246. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0568. 
      Epub 2016 Apr 28.