PMID- 27411439
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170328
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1399-5448 (Electronic)
IS  - 1399-543X (Print)
IS  - 1399-543X (Linking)
VI  - 17 Suppl 22
IP  - Suppl 22
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and 
      narcolepsy.
PG  - 65-72
LID - 10.1111/pedi.12390 [doi]
AB  - The etiology of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated organ-specific 
      autoimmune diseases is incomplete. In type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, the 
      strongest associations are with the HLA-DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, whereas 
      the DQB1*06:02 allele has a strong negative association. In contrast, narcolepsy, 
      especially as recently triggered by the Pandemrix((R)) H1N1 vaccine 
      (GlaxoKlineSmith (GSK), Brentford, Middlesex, UK), did not seem to develop 
      without at least one copy of the latter allele. The overall hypothesis is that 
      the role of these different HLA haplotypes, especially in Finland and Sweden, is 
      related to the immune response to infectious agents that are common in these two 
      populations. The high incidence of both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in 
      Scandinavia may be the result of the HLA-DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, and the 
      DQB1*06:02 allele are common because they protected people from succumbing to 
      common infections. The timing of dissecting the autoimmune response is critical 
      to understand the possible role of environmental factors. First, an etiological 
      trigger may be a common virus infecting beta cells or with antigens inducing 
      beta-cell cross reactivity. Second, an autoimmune reaction may ensue, perhaps in 
      response to beta-cell apoptosis or autophagy, resulting in autoantigen-specific T 
      cells and autoantibodies. It is critical in at-risk children to dissect the 
      immune response prior to the appearance of autoantibodies in order to identify 
      cellular reactions in response to environmental factors that are able to induce 
      an HLA-associated immune reaction.
CI  - (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Lernmark, Ake
AU  - Lernmark A
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
LA  - eng
GR  - U01 DK063861/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UC4 DK063821/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UC4 DK063861/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Denmark
TA  - Pediatr Diabetes
JT  - Pediatric diabetes
JID - 100939345
RN  - 0 (Influenza Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (pandemrix)
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoimmunity
MH  - Celiac Disease/*etiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*etiology
MH  - Genes, MHC Class II
MH  - Humans
MH  - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects
MH  - Narcolepsy/*etiology
PMC - PMC5473290
MID - NIHMS772776
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GAD65
OT  - HLA
OT  - IA-2
OT  - ZnT8 transporter
OT  - autoantigen
OT  - immune reaction
OT  - insulin
OT  - narcolepsy
OT  - tissue transglutaminase
EDAT- 2016/07/15 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/30 06:00
PMCR- 2017/07/01
CRDT- 2016/07/15 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2016/07/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/pedi.12390 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Diabetes. 2016 Jul;17 Suppl 22(Suppl 22):65-72. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12390.