PMID- 27428002
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170726
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 7
DP  - 2016
TI  - Retrospective Analysis of Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in Pneumocystis spp. 
      Positive Lung Samples of Austrian Pigs with Pneumonia.
PG  - e0158479
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0158479 [doi]
LID - e0158479
AB  - Aim of this study was the retrospective investigation of viral (porcine 
      circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      (PRRSV), torque teno sus virus type 1 and 2 (TTSuV1, TTSuV2)) and bacterial 
      (Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. b.), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. h.), and 
      Pasteurella multocida (P. m.)) co-infections in 110 Pneumocystis spp. positive 
      lung samples of Austrian pigs with pneumonia. Fifty-one % were positive for PCV2, 
      7% for PRRSV, 22% for TTSuV1, 48% for TTSuV2, 6% for B. b., 29% for M. h., and 
      21% for P. m. In 38.2% only viral, in 3.6% only bacterial and in 40.0% both, 
      viral and bacterial pathogens were detected. In 29.1% of the cases a co-infection 
      with 1 pathogen, in 28.2% with 2, in 17.3% with 3, and in 7.3% with 4 different 
      infectious agents were observed. The exposure to Pneumocystis significantly 
      decreased the risk of a co-infection with PRRSV in weaning piglets; all other 
      odds ratios were not significant. Four categories of results were compared: I = 
      P. spp. + only viral co-infectants, II = P. spp. + both viral and bacterial 
      co-infectants, III = P. spp. + only bacterial co-infectants, and IV = P. spp. 
      single infection. The evaluation of all samples and the age class of the weaning 
      piglets resulted in a predomination of the categories I and II. In contrast, the 
      suckling piglets showed more samples of category I and IV. In the group of 
      fattening pigs, category II predominated. Suckling piglets can be infected with 
      P. spp. early in life. With increasing age this single infections can be 
      complicated by co-infections with other respiratory diseases.
FAU - Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane
AU  - Weissenbacher-Lang C
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Kureljusic, Branislav
AU  - Kureljusic B
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, 
      Serbia.
FAU - Nedorost, Nora
AU  - Nedorost N
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Matula, Bettina
AU  - Matula B
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Schiessl, Wolfgang
AU  - Schiessl W
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Stixenberger, Daniela
AU  - Stixenberger D
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Weissenbock, Herbert
AU  - Weissenbock H
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of 
      Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160718
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Infections/microbiology/veterinary/virology
MH  - Coinfection
MH  - Female
MH  - Lung/microbiology/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Pneumocystis/*isolation & purification
MH  - Pneumocystis Infections/microbiology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Pneumonia/microbiology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Swine/*microbiology/*virology
MH  - Swine Diseases/*microbiology/*virology
MH  - Virus Diseases/microbiology/veterinary/virology
PMC - PMC4948769
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/07/27 06:00
PMCR- 2016/07/18
CRDT- 2016/07/19 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/06/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/07/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-48648 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0158479 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Jul 18;11(7):e0158479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158479. 
      eCollection 2016.