PMID- 27430248
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170406
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1791-3004 (Electronic)
IS  - 1791-2997 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 3
DP  - 2016 Sep
TI  - Inhibition of multiple myeloma cell proliferation by ginsenoside Rg3 via 
      reduction in the secretion of IGF-1.
PG  - 2222-30
LID - 10.3892/mmr.2016.5475 [doi]
AB  - Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is one of the primary constituents isolated from ginseng, 
      and has been found to exhibit cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. The present 
      study aimed to investigate the effects of Rg3 on human multiple myeloma cell 
      proliferation and apoptosis, and to examine its underlying molecular mechanisms. 
      Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay, and cell cycle 
      arrest and cell apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, the 
      expression levels of cell cycle‑associated markers and apoptosis‑associated 
      proteins, and the release of cytochrome C were determined using western blot 
      analysis. The effects of Rg3 on the insulin‑like growth factor 
      (IGF)-1/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein 
      kinase signaling pathways were also investigated using western blot analysis. The 
      results showed that Rg3 inhibited cell viability in U266, RPMI8226 and SKO‑007 
      cells in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner, and caused cell cycle arrest in the 
      G1 phase by regulating the cyclin‑dependent kinase pathway. Furthermore, Rg3 
      induced multiple myeloma cell apoptosis, and was involved in B cell lymphoma-2 
      (Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X protein imbalance, caspase activation and the release of 
      cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, it was 
      found that the inhibitory effects of Rg3 on multiple myeloma cell proliferation 
      were essential for secretion of IGF‑1 and inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. 
      Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Rg3 effectively inhibited cell 
      proliferation and induced apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. These data broaden 
      the clinical investigation of Rg3 in the treatment of multiple myeloma, 
      associated with the inactivation of IGF-1/AKT/mTOR signaling.
FAU - Li, Yan
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China.
FAU - Yang, Tao
AU  - Yang T
AD  - Department of Urinary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 
      050051, P.R. China.
FAU - Li, Jing
AU  - Li J
AD  - Department of Hematology, Hebei Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 
      Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
FAU - Hao, Hong-Ling
AU  - Hao HL
AD  - Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Wang, Su-Yun
AU  - Wang SY
AD  - Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Yang, Jie
AU  - Yang J
AD  - Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Luo, Jian-Min
AU  - Luo JM
AD  - Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160707
PL  - Greece
TA  - Mol Med Rep
JT  - Molecular medicine reports
JID - 101475259
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 227D367Y57 (ginsenoside Rg3)
RN  - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Cell Cycle/drug effects
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Ginsenosides/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism
MH  - Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Multiple Myeloma/*metabolism
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
EDAT- 2016/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/07 06:00
CRDT- 2016/07/20 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3892/mmr.2016.5475 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Med Rep. 2016 Sep;14(3):2222-30. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5475. Epub 2016 Jul 7.