PMID- 27445348
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20191120
IS  - 1470-2738 (Electronic)
IS  - 0143-005X (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec
TI  - Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of community-delivered positive 
      youth development interventions on violence outcomes.
PG  - 1171-1177
LID - 10.1136/jech-2015-206132 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed evaluations testing the 
      effectiveness of positive youth development (PYD) interventions for reducing 
      violence in young people. METHODS: Two reviewers working independently screened 
      records, assessed full-text studies for inclusion and extracted data. Outcomes 
      were transformed to Cohen's d. Quality assessment of included evaluations was 
      undertaken using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes were combined using 
      multilevel meta-analysis. We searched 21 databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, 
      CINAHL and CENTRAL, and hand-searched key journals and websites. We included 
      studies where the majority of participants were aged 11-18 years and where 
      interventions were delivered in community (not clinical or judicial) settings 
      outside of normal school hours. We excluded studies targeting predefined physical 
      and mental health conditions or parents/carers alongside young people. We defined 
      violence as perpetration or victimisation of physical violence including violent 
      crime. RESULTS: Three randomised trials were included in this systematic review. 
      Included evaluations each had design flaws. Meta-analyses suggested that PYD 
      interventions did not have a statistically significant effect on violence 
      outcomes across all time points (d=0.021, 95% CI -0.050 to 0.093), though 
      interventions did have a statistically significant short-term effect (d=0.076, 
      95% CI 0.013 to 0.140). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analyses do not offer evidence of 
      PYD interventions in general having effects of public health significance in 
      reducing violence among young people. Evaluations did not consistently report 
      theories of change or implementation fidelity, so it is unclear if our 
      meta-analyses provide evidence that the PYD theory of change is ineffective in 
      reducing violence among young people.
CI  - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not 
      already granted under a licence) please go to 
      http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
FAU - Melendez-Torres, G J
AU  - Melendez-Torres GJ
AD  - Warwick Evidence, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University 
      of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
FAU - Dickson, Kelly
AU  - Dickson K
AD  - Social Science Research Unit, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and 
      Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), UCL Institute of Education, London, UK.
FAU - Fletcher, Adam
AU  - Fletcher A
AD  - DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
FAU - Thomas, James
AU  - Thomas J
AD  - Social Science Research Unit, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and 
      Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), UCL Institute of Education, London, UK.
FAU - Hinds, Kate
AU  - Hinds K
AD  - Social Science Research Unit, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and 
      Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), UCL Institute of Education, London, UK.
FAU - Campbell, Rona
AU  - Campbell R
AD  - DECIPHer, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 
      Bristol, UK.
FAU - Murphy, Simon
AU  - Murphy S
AD  - DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
FAU - Bonell, Chris
AU  - Bonell C
AD  - Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene 
      and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160721
PL  - England
TA  - J Epidemiol Community Health
JT  - Journal of epidemiology and community health
JID - 7909766
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CHILD HEALTH
OT  - SOCIAL SCIENCE
OT  - VIOLENCE
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2016/07/23 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/23 06:01
CRDT- 2016/07/23 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - jech-2015-206132 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/jech-2015-206132 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016 Dec;70(12):1171-1177. doi: 
      10.1136/jech-2015-206132. Epub 2016 Jul 21.