PMID- 27462299
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160727
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2016
TI  - Endozoicomonas Are Specific, Facultative Symbionts of Sea Squirts.
PG  - 1042
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01042 [doi]
LID - 1042
AB  - Ascidians are marine filter feeders and harbor diverse microbiota that can 
      exhibit a high degree of host-specificity. Pharyngeal samples of Scandinavian and 
      Mediterranean ascidians were screened for consistently associated bacteria by 
      culture-dependent and -independent approaches. Representatives of the 
      Endozoicomonas (Gammaproteobacteria, Hahellaceae) clade were detected in the 
      ascidian species Ascidiella aspersa, Ascidiella scabra, Botryllus schlosseri, 
      Ciona intestinalis, Styela clava, and multiple Ascidia/Ascidiella spp. In total, 
      Endozoicomonas was detected in more than half of all specimens screened, and in 
      25-100% of the specimens for each species. The retrieved Endozoicomonas 16S rRNA 
      gene sequences formed an ascidian-specific subclade, whose members were detected 
      by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as extracellular microcolonies in 
      the pharynx. Two strains of the ascidian-specific Endozoicomonas subclade were 
      isolated in pure culture and characterized. Both strains are 
      chemoorganoheterotrophs and grow on mucin (a mucus glycoprotein). The strains 
      tested negative for cytotoxic or antibacterial activity. Based on these 
      observations, we propose ascidian-associated Endozoicomonas to be commensals, 
      living off the mucus continuously secreted into the pharynx. Members of the 
      ascidian-specific Endozoicomonas subclade were also detected in seawater from the 
      Scandinavian sampling site, which suggests acquisition of the symbionts by 
      horizontal transmission. The combined results indicate a host-specific, yet 
      facultative symbiosis between ascidians and Endozoicomonas.
FAU - Schreiber, Lars
AU  - Schreiber L
AD  - Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for 
      Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Kjeldsen, Kasper U
AU  - Kjeldsen KU
AD  - Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for 
      Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Funch, Peter
AU  - Funch P
AD  - Section of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus 
      University Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Jensen, Jeppe
AU  - Jensen J
AD  - Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for 
      Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Obst, Matthias
AU  - Obst M
AD  - Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Lopez-Legentil, Susanna
AU  - Lopez-Legentil S
AD  - Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science, University 
      of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC, USA.
FAU - Schramm, Andreas
AU  - Schramm A
AD  - Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for 
      Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160712
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC4940369
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Endozoicomonas
OT  - ascidians
OT  - marine
OT  - mucin
OT  - sea squirts
OT  - symbiosis
OT  - tunicates
EDAT- 2016/07/28 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/28 06:01
PMCR- 2016/07/12
CRDT- 2016/07/28 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/06/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01042 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2016 Jul 12;7:1042. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01042. eCollection 
      2016.