PMID- 27466755 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170501 LR - 20180415 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 151 DP - 2016 Nov TI - Novel application of statistical methods for analysis of multiple toxicants identifies DDT as a risk factor for early child behavioral problems. PG - 91-100 LID - S0013-9351(16)30297-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.014 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the association between postnatal exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants (POPs) measured in breast milk samples and early behavioral problems using statistical methods to deal with correlated exposure data. METHODS: We used data from the Norwegian HUMIS study. We measured concentrations of 24 different POPs in human milk from 612 mothers (median collection time: 32 days after delivery), including 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners, 6 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners and five organochlorine compounds. We assessed child behavioral problems at 12 and 24 months using the infant toddler symptom checklist (ITSC). Higher score in ITSC corresponds to more behavioral problems. First we performed principal component analysis (PCA). Then two variable selection methods, elastic net (ENET) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA), were applied to select any toxicants associated with behavioral problems. Finally, the effect size of the selected toxicants was estimated using multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS: p,p'-DDT was associated with behavioral problems at 12 months in all the applied models. Specifically, the principal component composed of organochlorine pesticides was significantly associated with behavioral problems and both ENET and BMA identified p,p'-DDT as associated with behavioral problems. Using a multiple linear regression model an interquartile increase in p,p'-DDT was associated with a 0.62 unit increase in ITSC score (95% CI 0.45, 0.79) at 12 months, corresponding to more behavioral problems. The association was modified by maternal education: the effect of p,p'-DDT was strongest in women with lower education (beta=0.59; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.81) compared to the mother with higher education (beta=0.14; 95%CI: -0.05, 0.34) (p-value for interaction=0.089). At 24 months, neither selection method consistently identified any toxicant associated with behavioral problems. CONCLUSION: Within a mixture of 24 toxicants measured in breast milk, p,p'-DDT was the single toxicant associated with behavioral problems at 12 months using different methods for handling numerous correlated exposures. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Forns, Joan AU - Forns J AD - Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Mandal, Siddhartha AU - Mandal S AD - Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Iszatt, Nina AU - Iszatt N AD - Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Polder, Anuschka AU - Polder A AD - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway. FAU - Thomsen, Cathrine AU - Thomsen C AD - Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Lyche, Jan Ludvig AU - Lyche JL AD - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Science, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Stigum, Hein AU - Stigum H AD - Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Vermeulen, Roel AU - Vermeulen R AD - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands. FAU - Eggesbo, Merete AU - Eggesbo M AD - Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: Merete.eggesbo@fhi.no. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160726 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated) RN - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Child, Preschool MH - Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data MH - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis MH - Female MH - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis MH - Humans MH - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis MH - Infant MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Milk, Human/*chemistry MH - Norway/epidemiology MH - *Problem Behavior MH - Prospective Studies MH - Risk Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Child development OT - Chlordane OT - Complex mixtures OT - Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene OT - Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane OT - Hexachlorobenzene OT - Nervous system OT - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers OT - Polychlorinated biphenyls EDAT- 2016/10/21 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/02 06:00 CRDT- 2016/07/29 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/07/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/10/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/29 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0013-9351(16)30297-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.014 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2016 Nov;151:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.014. Epub 2016 Jul 26.