PMID- 27470613
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170315
LR  - 20170315
IS  - 1873-6351 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 96
DP  - 2016 Oct
TI  - Aflatoxin M1 cytotoxicity against human intestinal Caco-2 cells is enhanced in 
      the presence of other mycotoxins.
PG  - 79-89
LID - S0278-6915(16)30239-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.019 [doi]
AB  - Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a class 2B human carcinogen, is the only mycotoxin with 
      established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in milk. Toxicological data for other 
      mycotoxins in baby food, containing cereals and milk, either in isolation or in 
      combination with AFM1, are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the 
      cytotoxicity of AFM1, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and alpha-zearalenol 
      (alpha-ZOL), individually and in combinations, in human Caco-2 cells. The tetrazolium 
      salt (MTT) assay demonstrated that (i) OTA and AFM1 had similar cytotoxicity, 
      which was higher than that of ZEA and alpha-ZOL, after a 72 h exposure; and (ii) the 
      quaternary combination had the highest cytotoxicity, followed by tertiary and 
      binary combinations and individual mycotoxins. Isobologram analysis indicated 
      that the presence of OTA, ZEA, and/or alpha-ZOL with AFM1 led to additive and 
      synergistic cytotoxicity in most combinations. The cytotoxicity of OTA was 
      similar to that of AFM1, suggesting that OTA in food poses a health risk to 
      consumers. Furthermore, AFM1 cytotoxicity increased dramatically in the presence 
      of OTA, ZEA, and/or alpha-ZOL (p < 0.01), indicating that the established MRLs for 
      AFM1 should be re-evaluated considering its frequent co-occurrence with other 
      mycotoxins in baby food which contains milk and cereals.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gao, Y N
AU  - Gao YN
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy 
      Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 
      Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 
      100193, PR China.
FAU - Wang, J Q
AU  - Wang JQ
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy 
      Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 
      Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 
      100193, PR China.
FAU - Li, S L
AU  - Li SL
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy 
      Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 
      Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 
      100193, PR China.
FAU - Zhang, Y D
AU  - Zhang YD
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy 
      Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 
      Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 
      100193, PR China.
FAU - Zheng, N
AU  - Zheng N
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy 
      Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 
      Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 
      100193, PR China. Electronic address: jiaqiwang@vip.163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160725
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Mycotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Poisons)
RN  - 6795-23-9 (Aflatoxin M1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aflatoxin M1/*toxicity
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Proliferation/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy/*pathology
MH  - Mycotoxins/*toxicity
MH  - Poisons/*toxicity
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Co-contamination
OT  - Cytotoxicity
OT  - Human colon adenocarcinoma cells
OT  - Mycotoxin
EDAT- 2016/07/30 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/16 06:00
CRDT- 2016/07/30 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/07/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/07/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0278-6915(16)30239-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Oct;96:79-89. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.019. Epub 2016 
      Jul 25.