PMID- 27474171 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180130 LR - 20210103 IS - 1949-2553 (Electronic) IS - 1949-2553 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 37 DP - 2016 Sep 13 TI - Microenvironment drug resistance in multiple myeloma: emerging new players. PG - 60698-60711 LID - 10.18632/oncotarget.10849 [doi] AB - Multiple myeloma (MM) drug resistance (DR) is a multistep transformation process based on a powerful interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells that allows the latter to escape anti-myeloma therapies. Here we present an overview of the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in both soluble factors-mediated drug resistance (SFM-DR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), focusing on the role of new players, namely miRNAs, exosomes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. FAU - Di Marzo, Lucia AU - Di Marzo L AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Desantis, Vanessa AU - Desantis V AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Solimando, Antonio Giovanni AU - Solimando AG AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Ruggieri, Simona AU - Ruggieri S AD - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Annese, Tiziana AU - Annese T AD - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Nico, Beatrice AU - Nico B AD - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Fumarulo, Ruggiero AU - Fumarulo R AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, General Pathology Section, Bari, Italy. FAU - Vacca, Angelo AU - Vacca A AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy. FAU - Frassanito, Maria Antonia AU - Frassanito MA AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, General Pathology Section, Bari, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Oncotarget JT - Oncotarget JID - 101532965 RN - 0 (MicroRNAs) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Bone Marrow Cells/*physiology MH - Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/*physiology MH - Carcinogenesis MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm MH - Exosomes/metabolism MH - Humans MH - MicroRNAs/genetics MH - Multiple Myeloma/*drug therapy/immunology MH - Stromal Cells/*physiology MH - Tumor Microenvironment PMC - PMC5312413 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cancer-associated fibroblasts OT - drug resistance OT - exosomes OT - microRNAs OT - multiple myeloma COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflict of interest EDAT- 2016/07/31 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/31 06:00 PMCR- 2016/09/13 CRDT- 2016/07/31 06:00 PHST- 2016/05/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/07/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/07/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/09/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10849 [pii] AID - 10.18632/oncotarget.10849 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Oncotarget. 2016 Sep 13;7(37):60698-60711. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10849.