PMID- 27486377
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160803
LR  - 20240325
IS  - 1337-6853 (Print)
IS  - 1337-9569 (Electronic)
IS  - 1337-6853 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - Long-term changes in brain cholinergic system and behavior in rats following 
      gestational exposure to lead: protective effect of calcium supplement.
PG  - 159-68
LID - 10.1515/intox-2015-0025 [doi]
AB  - Our earlier studies showed that lactational exposure to lead (Pb) caused 
      irreversible neurochemical alterations in rats. The present study was carried out 
      to examine whether gestational exposure to Pb can cause long-term changes in the 
      brain cholinergic system and behavior of rats. The protective effect of calcium 
      (Ca) supplementation against Pb toxicity was also examined. Pregnant rats were 
      exposed to 0.2% Pb (Pb acetate in drinking water) from gestational day (GD) 6 to 
      GD 21. The results showed decrease in body weight gain (GD 6-21) of dams, whereas 
      no changes were observed in offspring body weight at different postnatal days 
      following Pb exposure. Male offspring treated with Pb showed marginal alterations 
      in developmental landmarks such as unfolding of pinnae, lower and upper incisor 
      eruption, fur development, eye slit formation and eye opening on postnatal day 
      (PND) 1, whereas significant alterations were found in the righting reflex (PNDs 
      4-7), slant board behavior (PNDs 8-10) and forelimb hang performance (PNDs 
      12-16). Biochemical analysis showed decrease in synaptosomal acetylcholinesterase 
      (AChE) activity and an increase in acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the cortex, 
      cerebellum and hippocampus on PND 14, PND 21, PND 28 and in the four-month age 
      group of rats following Pb exposure. Significant deficits were also observed in 
      total locomotor activity, exploratory behavior and open field behavior in 
      selected age groups of Pb-exposed rats. These alterations were found to be 
      maximal on PND 28, corresponding with the greater blood lead levels observed on 
      PND 28. Addition of 0.02% Ca to Pb reversed the Pb-induced impairments in the 
      cholinergic system as well as in behavioral parameters of rats. In conclusion, 
      these data suggest that gestational exposure to Pb is able to induce long-term 
      changes in neurological functions of offspring. Maternal Ca administration 
      reversed these neurological effects of Pb later in life, suggesting a protective 
      effect of calcium in Pb-exposed animals.
FAU - Basha, Chand D
AU  - Basha CD
AD  - Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517502, India.
FAU - Reddy, Rajarami G
AU  - Reddy RG
AD  - Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517502, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Slovakia
TA  - Interdiscip Toxicol
JT  - Interdisciplinary toxicology
JID - 101528175
PMC - PMC4961914
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - behavior
OT  - blood Pb levels
OT  - calcium supplementation
OT  - cholinergic system
OT  - lead toxicity
OT  - long-term effects
EDAT- 2016/08/04 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/04 06:01
PMCR- 2015/12/01
CRDT- 2016/08/04 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/08/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ITX-8-159 [pii]
AID - 10.1515/intox-2015-0025 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Interdiscip Toxicol. 2015 Dec;8(4):159-68. doi: 10.1515/intox-2015-0025.