PMID- 27492029
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170104
LR  - 20191027
IS  - 0970-258X (Print)
IS  - 0970-258X (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Jan-Feb
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes 
      attending rural primary healthcare facilities in Tamil Nadu.
PG  - 9-13
AB  - BACKGROUND: India has a high burden of diabetic retinopathy ranging from 12.2% to 
      20.4% among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A T2DM management 
      programme was initiated in the public sector in Tamil Nadu. We estimated the 
      prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors. METHODS: We 
      did a cross-sectional survey among patients with T2DM attending two primary 
      health centres for treatment and follow-up in Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu in 
      January- March 2013. We did a questionnaire-based survey, and measured blood 
      pressure and biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, plasma glucose, etc.) of 
      the patients. We examined their eyes by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and 
      defined diabetic retinopathy using a modified classification by Klein et al. We 
      calculated the proportion and 95% CI for the prevalence and adjusted odds ratio 
      (AOR) for risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: Among the 
      270 patients, the mean (SD) age was 54.5 (10) years. The median duration of T2DM 
      was 48 months. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 29.6%. Overall, 65.9% 
      of patients had hypertension, 14.4% had nephropathy (eGFR <60 mg/dl) and 67.4% 
      had neuropathy. Among patients with comorbid conditions, 60%, 48%, 32%, and 3% 
      were already diagnosed to have hypertension, neuropathy, retinopathy, and 
      nephropathy, respectively. The risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were 
      hypertension (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-6.3), duration of T2DM >5 years (AOR 6.5, 95% 
      CI 3.6-11.7), poor glycaemic control (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.4), and nephropathy 
      (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.6). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high burden of undetected 
      retinopathy and other comorbid conditions among patients with T2DM. Early 
      detection of comorbid conditions and glycaemic control can be improved by 
      training care-providers and educating patients.
FAU - Fredrick, Tony
AU  - Fredrick T
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - Kaur, Prabhdeep
AU  - Kaur P
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - Murhekar, Manoj V
AU  - Murhekar MV
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - Jayaraman, Yuvaraj
AU  - Jayaraman Y
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - Kolandaswamy, K
AU  - Kolandaswamy K
AD  - Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Rao, Sudha Ramachandra
AU  - Rao SR
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
FAU - David, Joseph K
AU  - David JK
AD  - National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), # R-127, 
      3rd Avenue, Tamil Nadu Housing Board, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, 
      India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Natl Med J India
JT  - The National medical journal of India
JID - 8809315
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Primary Health Care
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Rural Health Services
EDAT- 2016/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/05 06:00
CRDT- 2016/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - NatlMedJIndia_2016_29_1_9_186906 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/0970-258x.186906 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Natl Med J India. 2016 Jan-Feb;29(1):9-13. doi: 10.4103/0970-258x.186906.