PMID- 27508420
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170823
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 8
DP  - 2016
TI  - Number of Persistent Organic Pollutants Detected at High Concentrations in Blood 
      Samples of the United States Population.
PG  - e0160432
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160432 [doi]
LID - e0160432
AB  - Human exposure to environmental chemicals as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      is usually assessed considering each pollutant individually, with little 
      attention to concentrations of mixtures in individuals or social groups. Yet, it 
      may be relatively common for humans to have low and high concentrations of 
      numerous POPs. The study objectives were to analyze the number of POPs detected 
      per person at high concentrations in the U.S. population, and the associations 
      between such type of indicators and socioeconomic factors as gender, race / 
      ethnicity, education, and poverty level. From 91 POPs analyzed in serum samples 
      of 4,739 individuals in three subsamples of the National Health and Nutrition 
      Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 (the last period with valid updated 
      individual data for the compounds considered in the present study), we computed 
      the number of POPs whose serum concentrations were above selected cutoff points. 
      POPs included were 13 organochlorine compounds (OCs), 10 polybrominated diphenyl 
      ethers (PBDEs), the polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) 153, 38 polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs), 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans 
      (PCDDs/Fs), and 12 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Over 13% of participants had 
      >/=10 of the 37 most detected POPs each at a concentration in the top decile (P90). 
      Over 30% of subjects with total toxic equivalency (TEQ) >/=P75, had >/=10 of 24 POPs 
      not included in TEQ calculations at concentrations >/=P90. Compared to non-Hispanic 
      whites, the adjusted odds ratio of having >/=10 of the 37 POPs at P90 was 9.2 for 
      non-Hispanic blacks and 0.18 for Mexican Americans. Poverty, body mass index, 
      age, and gender were also independently associated with having >/=10 POPs in the 
      top decile. More than one tenth of the US population may have >/=10 POPs each at 
      concentrations in the top decile. Such pattern is nine times more frequent in 
      Non-Hispanic blacks and four times less frequent in Mexican Americans than in 
      non-Hispanic whites.
FAU - Pumarega, Jose
AU  - Pumarega J
AD  - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Gasull, Magda
AU  - Gasull M
AD  - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
AD  - School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
FAU - Lee, Duk-Hee
AU  - Lee DH
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National 
      University, Daegu, Korea.
FAU - Lopez, Tomas
AU  - Lopez T
AD  - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
AD  - School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
FAU - Porta, Miquel
AU  - Porta M
AD  - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
AD  - School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160810
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Air Pollutants/*blood
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Female
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/blood
MH  - Hispanic or Latino
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*blood
MH  - Polybrominated Biphenyls/blood
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/blood
MH  - United States
PMC - PMC4979965
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/08/11 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/24 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/10
CRDT- 2016/08/11 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/08/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-02000 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160432 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Aug 10;11(8):e0160432. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160432. 
      eCollection 2016.