PMID- 27527266
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161227
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1872-8111 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-0102 (Linking)
VI  - 113
DP  - 2016 Dec
TI  - Temporal impulse response function of the visual system estimated from ocular 
      following responses in humans.
PG  - 56-62
LID - S0168-0102(16)30111-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neures.2016.08.001 [doi]
AB  - Early visual processing functions as a set of spatiotemporal image filters. Our 
      ability to sense changes in retinal images is determined by these filters along 
      the temporal axis. In this study, we developed a paradigm to identify the kernel 
      of the temporal filters based on ocular following responses (OFRs) to two-frame 
      apparent motion stimuli. We first conducted two experiments to acquire 
      fundamental data. In the first experiment, in which a quarter wavelength step of 
      a sinusoidal grating was presented with various inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs), 
      we found that OFRs were reversed by the ISI, which is consistent with previous 
      findings. In the second experiment, a quarter wavelength step of a sinusoidal 
      grating was applied with various durations of the initial image frame (motion 
      onset delays; MODs); we found that longer exposure to the initial image reduced 
      OFRs. Parameters of motion energy model involving temporal filters were optimized 
      so that the model could reproduce the dependence of OFRs on ISIs and MODs. We 
      were then able to successfully obtain quantitative estimates of the biphasic 
      temporal filters with optimal frequencies in 6-8Hz. This method is completely 
      objective and will thus be applicable to a wide range of human subjects and model 
      animals.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Ohnishi, Yusuke
AU  - Ohnishi Y
AD  - Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 
      University, Japan.
FAU - Kawano, Kenji
AU  - Kawano K
AD  - Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 
      University, Japan.
FAU - Miura, Kenichiro
AU  - Miura K
AD  - Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 
      University, Japan. Electronic address: kmiura@brain.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160812
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Neurosci Res
JT  - Neuroscience research
JID - 8500749
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Eye Movements
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Motion Perception
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apparent motion
OT  - Eye movement
OT  - Low-level vision
OT  - Temporal filter
OT  - Visual motion analysis
EDAT- 2016/08/17 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/28 06:00
CRDT- 2016/08/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/08/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-0102(16)30111-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neures.2016.08.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurosci Res. 2016 Dec;113:56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 
      Aug 12.