PMID- 27529238 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170417 LR - 20181113 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 8 DP - 2016 Aug 12 TI - Exogenous Nitric Oxide Suppresses in Vivo X-ray-Induced Targeted and Non-Targeted Effects in Zebrafish Embryos. LID - 10.3390/ijms17081321 [doi] LID - 1321 AB - The present paper studied the X-ray-induced targeted effect in irradiated zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio), as well as a non-targeted effect in bystander naive embryos partnered with irradiated embryos, and examined the influence of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on these targeted and non-targeted effects. The exogenous NO was generated using an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). The targeted and non-targeted effects, as well as the toxicity of the SNAP, were assessed using the number of apoptotic events in the zebrafish embryos at 24 h post fertilization (hpf) revealed through acridine orange (AO) staining. SNAP with concentrations of 20 and 100 microM were first confirmed to have no significant toxicity on zebrafish embryos. The targeted effect was mitigated in zebrafish embryos if they were pretreated with 100 microM SNAP prior to irradiation with an X-ray dose of 75 mGy but was not alleviated in zebrafish embryos if they were pretreated with 20 microM SNAP. On the other hand, the non-targeted effect was eliminated in the bystander naive zebrafish embryos if they were pretreated with 20 or 100 microM SNAP prior to partnering with zebrafish embryos having been subjected to irradiation with an X-ray dose of 75 mGy. These findings revealed the importance of NO in the protection against damages induced by ionizing radiations or by radiation-induced bystander signals, and could have important impacts on development of advanced cancer treatment strategies. FAU - Kong, E Y AU - Kong EY AD - Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. yikong3-c@my.cityu.edu.hk. FAU - Yeung, W K AU - Yeung WK AD - Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. wkyeung46-c@my.cityu.edu.hk. FAU - Chan, T K Y AU - Chan TK AD - Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kayauchan4-c@my.cityu.edu.hk. FAU - Cheng, S H AU - Cheng SH AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. bhcheng@cityu.edu.hk. AD - State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. bhcheng@cityu.edu.hk. FAU - Yu, K N AU - Yu KN AD - Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. peter.yu@cityu.edu.hk. AD - State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. peter.yu@cityu.edu.hk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160812 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 79032-48-7 (S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/drug effects/radiation effects MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation MH - Embryo, Nonmammalian/*drug effects/radiation effects MH - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism MH - Radiation, Ionizing MH - S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/pharmacology MH - *X-Rays MH - Zebrafish PMC - PMC5000718 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bystander effect OT - ionizing radiation OT - nitric oxide OT - zebrafish embryos EDAT- 2016/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2017/04/18 06:00 PMCR- 2016/08/01 CRDT- 2016/08/17 06:00 PHST- 2016/06/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/08/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/08/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/04/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms17081321 [pii] AID - ijms-17-01321 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms17081321 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Aug 12;17(8):1321. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081321.