PMID- 27538513
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170201
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1472-6882 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6882 (Linking)
VI  - 16
DP  - 2016 Aug 18
TI  - Yogic breathing when compared to attention control reduces the levels of 
      pro-inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
PG  - 294
LID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7 [doi]
LID - 294
AB  - BACKGROUND: Self-report measures indicate that Yoga practices are perceived to 
      reduce stress; however, molecular mechanisms through which YB affects stress are 
      just beginning to be understood. While invasive sampling such as blood has been 
      widely used to measure biological indicators such as pro-inflammatory biomarkers, 
      the use of saliva to measure changes in various biomolecules has been 
      increasingly recognized. As Yoga practice stimulates salivary secretion, and 
      saliva is considered a source of biomarkers, changes in salivary cytokines before 
      and after Yogic breathing exercise as specified in an ancient Tamil script, 
      Thirumanthiram, were examined using a Cytokine Multiplex to compare to Attention 
      Control (AC) group. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized into two 
      groups stratified by gender (N = 10 per YB and AC groups); The YB group performed 
      two YB exercises, each for ten minutes, for a total of twenty minutes in a single 
      session as directed by a trained Yoga instructor. The AC group read a text of 
      their choice for 20 min. Saliva was collected immediately after YB training at 0, 
      5, 10, 15 and 20 min and analyzed by Multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 
      (ELISA). RESULTS: The levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, and monocyte 
      chemotactic protein -1 (MCP-1) were significantly reduced in YB group when 
      compared to AC group. The level of reduction of IL-8 was significant at all time 
      points tested, whereas IL-1beta showed reduction at 15 and 20 min time points 
      (p < 0.05), and MCP-1 level was marginally different at 5-20 min. There were no 
      significant differences between YB and AC groups in the salivary levels of 
      IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IP-10, MIP-1b, and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: These data are 
      the first to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting salivary cytokines using 
      multiplex assay in response to a Yoga practice. This study was registered in 
      Clinical Trials.gov # NCT02108769.
FAU - Twal, Waleed O
AU  - Twal WO
AD  - Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South 
      Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
FAU - Wahlquist, Amy E
AU  - Wahlquist AE
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 
      Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
FAU - Balasubramanian, Sundaravadivel
AU  - Balasubramanian S
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, 
      Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. balasubr@musc.edu.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02108769
GR  - UL1 RR029882/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR000062/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001450/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20160818
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Complement Altern Med
JT  - BMC complementary and alternative medicine
JID - 101088661
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - *Breathing Exercises
MH  - Cytokines/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Meditation
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Saliva/*chemistry
MH  - *Yoga
PMC - PMC4991069
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cytokines
OT  - Multiplex
OT  - Pranayama
OT  - Pro-inflammatory
OT  - Salivary biomarkers
OT  - Stress
OT  - Tamil
OT  - Thirumanthiram
OT  - Yoga
OT  - Yogic breathing
EDAT- 2016/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/02/02 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/18
CRDT- 2016/08/20 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/02/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7 [pii]
AID - 1286 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Aug 18;16:294. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7.