PMID- 27538886 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170804 LR - 20191210 IS - 1471-244X (Electronic) IS - 1471-244X (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2016 Aug 18 TI - Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series. PG - 293 LID - 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7 [doi] LID - 293 AB - BACKGROUND: Psychosis can be associated with acute recreational drug and novel psychoactive substance (NPS) toxicity. However, there is limited data available on how common this is and which drugs are most frequently implicated. We describe a European case series of psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity, and estimate the frequency of psychosis for different recreational drugs. METHODS: The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) collects data on presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs) with acute recreational drug and NPS toxicity at 16 centres in ten countries. Euro-DEN data from October 2013 through September 2014 was retrospectively searched, and cases with psychosis were included. The proportion of cases with psychosis per drug was calculated in the searched Euro-DEN dataset. RESULTS: Psychosis was present in 348 (6.3 %) of 5529 cases. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (24-38) years, 276 (79.3 %) were male and 114 (32.8 %) were admitted to psychiatric ward. The drugs most commonly reported were cannabis in 90 (25.9 %) cases, amphetamine in 87 (25.0 %) and cocaine in 56 (16.1 %). More than one drug was taken in 189 (54.3 %) cases. Psychosis was frequent in those ED presentations involving tryptamines (4/7; 57.1 %), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) (6/22; 27.3 %), methylphenidate (6/26; 23.1 %), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (18/86; 20.9 %), psilocybe mushrooms (3/16; 18.8 %), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (4/26; 15.4 %) and amphetamine (87/593; 14.7 %), but less common in those involving mephedrone (14/245; 5.7 %), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (20/461; 4.3 %) and methedrone (3/92; 3.3 %). Amphetamine was the most frequent drug associated with psychosis when only one agent was reported, with psychosis occurring in 32.4 % of these presentations. CONCLUSION: The frequency of psychosis in acute recreational drug toxicity varies considerably between drugs, but is a major problem in amphetamine poisoning. In rapidly changing drug markets and patterns of use, the Euro-DEN sentinel network contributes to measuring the scale of drug-related harms in Europe beyond other more established indicators. FAU - Vallersnes, Odd Martin AU - Vallersnes OM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1213-392X AD - Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. o.m.vallersnes@medisin.uio.no. AD - Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway. o.m.vallersnes@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Dines, Alison M AU - Dines AM AD - Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK. FAU - Wood, David M AU - Wood DM AD - Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK. AD - Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. FAU - Yates, Christopher AU - Yates C AD - Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain. FAU - Heyerdahl, Fridtjof AU - Heyerdahl F AD - The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Hovda, Knut Erik AU - Hovda KE AD - The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Giraudon, Isabelle AU - Giraudon I AD - European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal. CN - Euro-DEN Research Group FAU - Dargan, Paul I AU - Dargan PI AD - Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK. AD - Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160818 PL - England TA - BMC Psychiatry JT - BMC psychiatry JID - 100968559 RN - 0 (Illicit Drugs) RN - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) SB - IM EIN - BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 16;16(1):405. PMID: 27852244 MH - Adult MH - Amphetamine/*adverse effects MH - Cannabis/*adverse effects MH - Cocaine/*adverse effects MH - Emergency Service, Hospital MH - Europe MH - Female MH - Hospitalization MH - Humans MH - Illicit Drugs/*adverse effects MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/*epidemiology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4990880 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Acute poisoning OT - Acute toxicity OT - Amphetamine OT - Hallucinogens OT - Novel psychoactive substances OT - Psychosis OT - Psychostimulants OT - Recreational drugs OT - Substance use disorders FIR - Anand, JacekSein IR - Anand J FIR - Blake, Alan IR - Blake A FIR - Chevillard, Lucie IR - Chevillard L FIR - Eyer, Florian IR - Eyer F FIR - Galicia, Miguel IR - Galicia M FIR - Homar, Catalina IR - Homar C FIR - Jurgens, Gesche IR - Jurgens G FIR - Liakoni, E IR - Liakoni E FIR - Liechti, M E IR - Liechti ME FIR - Markey, Gerard IR - Markey G FIR - Megarbane, Bruno IR - Megarbane B FIR - Miro, Oscar IR - Miro O FIR - Moughty, Adrian IR - Moughty A FIR - O'Connor, Niall IR - O'Connor N FIR - Paasma, Raido IR - Paasma R FIR - Pedersen, CarstenBoe IR - Pedersen C FIR - Pold, Kristiina IR - Pold K FIR - Puiguriguer, Jordi IR - Puiguriguer J FIR - Sedefov, Roumen IR - Sedefov R FIR - Stenzel, Jochen IR - Stenzel J FIR - Waldman, Wojciech IR - Waldman W FIR - Waring, WStephen IR - Waring W EDAT- 2016/08/20 06:00 MHDA- 2017/08/05 06:00 PMCR- 2016/08/18 CRDT- 2016/08/20 06:00 PHST- 2016/02/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/08/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/08/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7 [pii] AID - 1002 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 18;16:293. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7.