PMID- 27540095
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171201
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 2044-6055 (Electronic)
IS  - 2044-6055 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 8
DP  - 2016 Aug 18
TI  - Vitamin D deficiency in Malaysian adolescents aged 13 years: findings from the 
      Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs).
PG  - e010689
LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010689 [doi]
LID - e010689
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<37.5 nmol/L) 
      among young adolescents in Malaysia and its association with demographic 
      characteristics, anthropometric measures and physical activity. DESIGN: This is a 
      cross-sectional study among Form 1 (year 7) students from 15 schools selected 
      using a stratified random sampling design. Information regarding sociodemographic 
      characteristics, clinical data and environmental factors was collected and blood 
      samples were taken for total vitamin D. Descriptive and multivariable logistic 
      regression was performed on the data. SETTING: National secondary schools in 
      Peninsular Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS: 1361 students (mean age 12.9+/-0.3 years) (61.4% 
      girls) completed the consent forms and participated in this study. Students with 
      a chronic health condition and/or who could not understand the questionnaires due 
      to lack of literacy were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vitamin D status was 
      determined through measurement of sera 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Body mass 
      index (BMI) was classified according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 
      criteria. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the 
      validated Malay version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children 
      (PAQ-C). RESULTS: Deficiency in vitamin D was seen in 78.9% of the participants. 
      The deficiency was significantly higher in girls (92.6%, p<0.001), Indian 
      adolescents (88.6%, p<0.001) and urban-living adolescents (88.8%, p<0.001). 
      Females (OR=8.98; 95% CI 6.48 to 12.45), adolescents with wider waist 
      circumference (OR=2.64; 95% CI 1.65 to 4.25) and in urban areas had higher risks 
      (OR=3.57; 95% CI 2.54 to 5.02) of being vitamin D deficient. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      study shows a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among young adolescents. 
      Main risk factors are gender, ethnicity, place of residence and obesity.
CI  - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not 
      already granted under a licence) please go to 
      http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
FAU - Al-Sadat, Nabilla
AU  - Al-Sadat N
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive 
      Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Majid, Hazreen Abdul
AU  - Majid HA
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive 
      Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Sim, Pei Ying
AU  - Sim PY
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Su, Tin Tin
AU  - Su TT
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive 
      Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Dahlui, Maznah
AU  - Dahlui M
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive 
      Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzrel
AU  - Abu Bakar MF
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Dzaki, Najat
AU  - Dzaki N
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health (CePH), University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Norbaya, Saidatul
AU  - Norbaya S
AD  - Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Murray, Liam
AU  - Murray L
AD  - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, 
      Belfast, UK.
FAU - Cantwell, Marie M
AU  - Cantwell MM
AD  - Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, 
      Belfast, UK.
FAU - Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid
AU  - Jalaludin MY
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
CN  - MyHeART study group
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160818
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ Open
JT  - BMJ open
JID - 101552874
RN  - 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D)
RN  - A288AR3C9H (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Asian People
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Exercise
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Malaysia/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Obesity/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Self Report
MH  - Sex Distribution
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood
MH  - Vitamin D Deficiency/*epidemiology
PMC - PMC5013370
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
OT  - PUBLIC HEALTH
OT  - SOCIAL MEDICINE
EDAT- 2016/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/02 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/18
CRDT- 2016/08/20 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bmjopen-2015-010689 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010689 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMJ Open. 2016 Aug 18;6(8):e010689. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010689.