PMID- 27548822
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170113
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1421-9875 (Electronic)
IS  - 0257-2753 (Linking)
VI  - 34 Suppl 1
DP  - 2016
TI  - Extrahepatic Diseases and NAFLD: The Triangular Relationship between NAFLD, Type 
      2-Diabetes and Dysbiosis.
PG  - 11-8
LID - 10.1159/000447276 [doi]
AB  - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver 
      diseases from simple steatosis with hepatic lipid accumulation to end-stage liver 
      disease with decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. 
      Recent data from the USA showed that in 2013, NAFLD was the second most frequent 
      indication for liver transplantation behind hepatitis C. Since there are now 
      effective treatments for hepatitis C and there is currently no licensed treatment 
      for NAFLD, it has been predicted that over the next 10-15 years, NAFLD will 
      replace hepatitis C as the most frequent indication for liver transplantation. 
      Besides, increasing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver 
      disease, it has recently become clear that NAFLD also increases risk of 
      extrahepatic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular 
      disease, cardiac diseases and chronic kidney disease, to name but a few. Of each 
      of these extrahepatic diseases, the evidence to date suggests that NAFLD is a 
      strong risk factor for T2DM. When NAFLD occurs in combination with obesity and 
      insulin resistance (as it frequently does), there is a marked increase in risk of 
      incident T2DM with possible synergism occurring between liver fat accumulation, 
      insulin resistance and obesity to further increase risk of development of T2DM. 
      Thus, there is a reciprocal relationship between NAFLD as a risk factor for T2DM, 
      and T2DM as a risk factor for liver disease progression in NAFLD. Moreover, 
      recent evidence now points to the importance of perturbation of the intestinal 
      microbiota (dysbiosis) in both T2DM and NAFLD. Consequently, there is a 
      triangular relationship between dysbiosis and T2DM and NAFLD. This review will 
      focus on T2DM as a key extrahepatic complication of NAFLD and will describe and 
      discuss the triangular relationship between dysbiosis and T2DM and NAFLD and the 
      factors and potential mechanisms underpinning this relationship.
CI  - (c) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Scorletti, Eleonora
AU  - Scorletti E
AD  - Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, 
      Southampton, UK.
FAU - Byrne, Christopher D
AU  - Byrne CD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160822
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Dig Dis
JT  - Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 8701186
SB  - IM
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*etiology
MH  - Dysbiosis/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/etiology
MH  - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*complications
MH  - Obesity/complications
MH  - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - United States/epidemiology
EDAT- 2016/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/14 06:00
CRDT- 2016/08/23 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 000447276 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000447276 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dig Dis. 2016;34 Suppl 1:11-8. doi: 10.1159/000447276. Epub 2016 Aug 22.