PMID- 27567355 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170512 LR - 20191008 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Print) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 151 DP - 2016 Nov TI - Variability and exposure classification of urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations in reproductive-aged women. PG - 513-520 LID - S0013-9351(16)30412-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.016 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Human exposure to phenols and parabens is widespread. Within-person variability of urinary concentrations in healthy women is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the variability of urinary phenol and paraben concentrations across two months and evaluate the ability of a single spot urine sample to characterize exposure. METHODS: 143 women provided 509 spot urine samples collected across two months of study (3-5 samples/woman). We measured urinary concentrations of 8 phenols: bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), triclosan (TCS); and 8 parabens and their metabolites (benzyl (BzP), butyl (BuP), ethyl (EtP), heptyl (HeP), methyl (MeP), propyl (PrP), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB)). Biomarker variability was characterized using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and surrogate category analyses were conducted. RESULTS: ICCs ranged from very low for BPA (0.04) to moderate for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BzP, and MeP (0.66, 0.58, 0.55, 0.54, and 0.62, respectively). Surrogate analyses suggested that BP-1, BP-3, TCS, 2,4-DCP, BuP, and PrP may be characterized by a single spot sample (sensitivity range 0.76-0.86) but that additional samples were necessary for BPA, HeP, 4-HB, and 3,4-DHB (sensitivity range 0.47-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations were variable across two months in healthy women but the degree of reliability differed by the specific biomarker. A small number of samples may sufficiently characterize typical concentrations for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BuP, and PrP; but additional biospecimens may be necessary to characterize exposure for other compounds, including BPA. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Pollack, Anna Z AU - Pollack AZ AD - Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. Electronic address: apollac2@gmu.edu. FAU - Perkins, Neil J AU - Perkins NJ AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: perkinsn@mail.nih.gov. FAU - Sjaarda, Lindsey AU - Sjaarda L AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: lindsey.sjaarda@nih.gov. FAU - Mumford, Sunni L AU - Mumford SL AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: mumfords@mail.nih.gov. FAU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam AU - Kannan K AD - Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA. Electronic address: kurunthachalam.kannan@health.ny.gov. FAU - Philippat, Claire AU - Philippat C AD - Universite Grenoble Alpes, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: Claire.philippat@inserm.fr. FAU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean AU - Wactawski-Wende J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 410 Kimball Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. Electronic address: jww@buffalo.edu. FAU - Schisterman, Enrique F AU - Schisterman EF AD - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: schistee@mail.nih.gov. LA - eng GR - HHSN275201100001C/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN275201100001G/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN275201100001I/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - Z01 HD008762-05/Intramural NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20160825 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Parabens) RN - 0 (Phenols) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Parabens/*metabolism MH - Phenols/*urine MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5071150 MID - NIHMS812928 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Benzophenone-3 OT - Bisphenol A OT - Dichlorophenol OT - Intra-individual variability OT - Parabens OT - Reliability, Triclosan EDAT- 2016/10/21 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/13 06:00 PMCR- 2017/11/01 CRDT- 2016/08/28 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/07/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/08/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/10/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/08/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0013-9351(16)30412-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2016 Nov;151:513-520. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.016. Epub 2016 Aug 25.