PMID- 27577085
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171009
LR  - 20200623
IS  - 1742-2094 (Electronic)
IS  - 1742-2094 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Aug 30
TI  - Mapping autoantigen epitopes: molecular insights into autoantibody-associated 
      disorders of the nervous system.
PG  - 219
LID - 10.1186/s12974-016-0678-4 [doi]
LID - 219
AB  - BACKGROUND: Our knowledge of autoantibody-associated diseases of the central 
      (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems has expanded greatly over the recent 
      years. A number of extracellular and intracellular autoantigens have been 
      identified, and there is no doubt that this field will continue to expand as more 
      autoantigens are discovered as a result of improved clinical awareness and 
      methodological practice. In recent years, interest has shifted to uncover the 
      target epitopes of these autoantibodies. MAIN BODY: The purpose of this review is 
      to discuss the mapping of the epitope targets of autoantibodies in CNS and PNS 
      antibody-mediated disorders, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), 
      alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), 
      leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (Lgi1), contactin-associated 
      protein-like 2 (Caspr2), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), aquaporin-4 
      (AQP4), 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), acetylcholine receptor 
      (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC), 
      neurofascin (NF), and contactin. We also address the methods used to analyze 
      these epitopes, the relevance of their determination, and how this knowledge can 
      inform studies on autoantibody pathogenicity. Furthermore, we discuss triggers of 
      autoimmunity, such as molecular mimicry, ectopic antigen expression, epitope 
      spreading, and potential mechanisms for the rising number of double 
      autoantibody-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular insights into specificity 
      and role of autoantibodies will likely improve diagnosis and treatment of CNS and 
      PNS neuroimmune diseases.
FAU - Sinmaz, Nese
AU  - Sinmaz N
AD  - Brain Autoimmunity Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The 
      Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of 
      Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
FAU - Nguyen, Tina
AU  - Nguyen T
AD  - Brain Autoimmunity Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The 
      Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of 
      Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
FAU - Tea, Fiona
AU  - Tea F
AD  - Brain Autoimmunity Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The 
      Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of 
      Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
FAU - Dale, Russell C
AU  - Dale RC
AD  - Brain Autoimmunity Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The 
      Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of 
      Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
AD  - Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of 
      Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
FAU - Brilot, Fabienne
AU  - Brilot F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7025-2276
AD  - Brain Autoimmunity Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The 
      Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of 
      Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. 
      fabienne.brilot@sydney.edu.au.
AD  - Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of 
      Sydney, Sydney, Australia. fabienne.brilot@sydney.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160830
PL  - England
TA  - J Neuroinflammation
JT  - Journal of neuroinflammation
JID - 101222974
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Epitopes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autoantibodies/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Autoantigens/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Epitope Mapping/*methods
MH  - Epitopes/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC5006540
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autoantibody
OT  - CNS disorders
OT  - Epitope mapping
OT  - Epitope spreading
OT  - PNS disorders
EDAT- 2016/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/11 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/30
CRDT- 2016/09/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12974-016-0678-4 [pii]
AID - 678 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12974-016-0678-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Aug 30;13(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0678-4.