PMID- 27580931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170731
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1349-8029 (Electronic)
IS  - 0470-8105 (Print)
IS  - 0470-8105 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 10
DP  - 2016 Oct 15
TI  - Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in the Neurosurgical Setting.
PG  - 626-631
AB  - Herein, we review the current state of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). 
      NCSE has recently been recognized as one of the causes of unexplained impaired 
      consciousness in the neurosurgical or neurocritical setting. The causes of NCSE 
      include not only central nervous system disorders such as craniotomy, stroke, 
      traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system inflammation, but also severe 
      critical conditions such as sepsis and uremia, among others. NCSE shows no overt 
      clinical manifestations; therefore, prompt and correct diagnosis is difficult. 
      The diagnosis of NCSE should be made by electroencephalogram (EEG), especially 
      continuous EEG (CEEG) monitoring, because NCSE is caught only by prolonged 
      recording. However, the interpretation of the EEG findings is also challenging 
      because of the varying EEG characteristic of NCSE. While the diagnosis should be 
      based on temporal or spatial EEG changes, several definitions and criteria have 
      been proposed, and uniform, universal criteria are still lacking. Once NCSE is 
      diagnosed, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) should be aggressively administrated. 
      Although there are no standardized international therapeutic guidelines, several 
      AEDs have been attempted in clinical practice in other countries, including 
      fosphenytoin, midazolam, levetiracetam, and valproate. Particularly, several AEDs 
      should be considered prior to using anesthetics. Finally, the prognosis of NCSE 
      depends on the cause thereof; however, in general, earlier intervention for NCSE 
      appears important in terms of better recovery.
FAU - Kubota, Yuichi
AU  - Kubota Y
AD  - Stroke and Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Asakadai Central General 
      Hospital.
FAU - Nakamoto, Hidetoshi
AU  - Nakamoto H
FAU - Kawamata, Takakazu
AU  - Kawamata T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160831
PL  - Japan
TA  - Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
JT  - Neurologia medico-chirurgica
JID - 0400775
SB  - IM
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - Humans
MH  - Multimodal Imaging
MH  - Patient Selection
MH  - Status Epilepticus/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/*surgery
PMC - PMC5066083
COIS- The authors hereby declare no conflict of interest regarding this article.
EDAT- 2016/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/02 06:00
PMCR- 2016/10/01
CRDT- 2016/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2016/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nmc-56-626 [pii]
AID - 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0118 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2016 Oct 15;56(10):626-631. doi: 
      10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0118. Epub 2016 Aug 31.