PMID- 27585927
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180223
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1573-6830 (Electronic)
IS  - 0272-4340 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Piracetam Facilitates the Anti-Amnesic but not Anti-Diabetic Activity of 
      Metformin in Experimentally Induced Type-2 Diabetic Encephalopathic Rats.
PG  - 791-802
LID - 10.1007/s10571-016-0418-4 [doi]
AB  - Piracetam exhibits anti-amnesic activity in several animal models of dementia. 
      However, its anti-amnesic potential has yet to be evaluated in type-2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM)-induced encephalopathy. Therefore, in the present study, 
      piracetam (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was screened for anti-amnesic and anti-diabetic 
      activity in T2DM-induced encephalopathic male rats. Subsequently, anti-amnesic 
      and anti-diabetic activities were evaluated for piracetam, metformin and their 
      combination in T2DM-induced encephalopathic animals. Rats received streptozotocin 
      (45 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) injections on day-1 (D-1) of the 
      experimental schedule and were kept undisturbed for 35 days to exhibit 
      T2DM-induced encephalopathy. All drug treatments were continued from D-7 to D-35 
      in both experiments. Piracetam (100 mg/kg) attenuated loss in learning and memory 
      in terms of increase in escape latency on D-4 (D-34) and decrease in time spent 
      in the target quadrant on D-5 (D-35) of Morris water maze test protocol, and 
      spatial memory in terms of reduced spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze 
      test of encephalopathic rats. Additionally, piracetam attenuated altered levels 
      of fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B in encephalopathic 
      animals, comparatively lesser than metformin. In the next experiment, combination 
      of piracetam and metformin exhibited better anti-amnesic but not anti-diabetic 
      activity than respective monotherapies in encephalopathic rats. Further, the 
      combination attenuated reduced acetylcholine level and increased 
      acetylcholinesterase activity, increased glycogen synthase kinase-3beta level and 
      decreased brain-derived neurotropic factor level in hippocampus and pre-frontal 
      cortex of encephalopathic animals. Thus, piracetam could be used as an adjuvant 
      to metformin in the management of dementia in T2DM-induced encephalopathy.
FAU - Pandey, Shruti
AU  - Pandey S
AD  - Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 
      Mathura, 281 406, India.
FAU - Garabadu, Debapriya
AU  - Garabadu D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4235-3926
AD  - Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 
      Mathura, 281 406, India. debapriya.garabadu@gla.ac.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160901
PL  - United States
TA  - Cell Mol Neurobiol
JT  - Cellular and molecular neurobiology
JID - 8200709
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta)
RN  - N91BDP6H0X (Choline)
RN  - ZH516LNZ10 (Piracetam)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amnesia/complications/*drug therapy
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Brain Diseases/complications/*drug therapy
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Choline/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood/complications/*drug therapy
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*chemically induced/complications/*drug therapy
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/drug effects
MH  - Metformin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Piracetam/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Rats
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hippocampus
OT  - Memory
OT  - Metformin
OT  - Piracetam
OT  - Pre-frontal cortex
OT  - Type-2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2016/09/03 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/24 06:00
CRDT- 2016/09/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10571-016-0418-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10571-016-0418-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Jul;37(5):791-802. doi: 10.1007/s10571-016-0418-4. Epub 
      2016 Sep 1.