PMID- 27590200
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170223
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1432-1912 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-1298 (Linking)
VI  - 389
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec
TI  - Apocynin inhibits Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of NF-kappaB by 
      suppressing the Akt and mTOR pathways.
PG  - 1267-1277
AB  - Microbial product lipopolysaccharide has been shown to be involved in the 
      pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Apocynin has demonstrated to have an 
      anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of apocynin on the Toll-like 
      receptor-4-dependent activation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and 
      nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway, which is involved in productions of inflammatory 
      mediators in keratinocytes, has not been studied. Using human keratinocytes, we 
      investigated the effect of apocynin on the inflammatory mediator production in 
      relation to the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated-Akt/mTOR and NF-kappaB pathways, which 
      regulates the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. 
      Apocynin, Akt inhibitor SH-5, Bay 11-7085 and N-acetylcysteine each attenuated 
      the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of cytokines, PGE(2), and chemokines, 
      changes in the levels of Toll-like receptor-4, p-Akt, mTOR, and NF-kappaB, and 
      production of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes. The results show that 
      apocynin appears to attenuate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of 
      inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like 
      receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-kappaB pathways. The effect 
      of apocynin appears to be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the production 
      of reactive oxygen species. Apocynin appears to attenuate the microbial 
      product-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
FAU - Nam, Yoon Jeong
AU  - Nam YJ
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier 
      Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, 
      South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Arum
AU  - Kim A
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier 
      Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, 
      South Korea.
FAU - Sohn, Dong Suep
AU  - Sohn DS
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 
      Seoul, 156-755, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Chung Soo
AU  - Lee CS
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier 
      Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, 
      South Korea. leecs@cau.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160902
PL  - Germany
TA  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
JT  - Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
JID - 0326264
RN  - 0 (Acetophenones)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (TLR4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4)
RN  - 53-59-8 (NADP)
RN  - B6J7B9UDTR (acetovanillone)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetophenones/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Antioxidants/pharmacology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/enzymology/genetics/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
MH  - Keratinocytes/*drug effects/enzymology/immunology
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - NADP/metabolism
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*metabolism
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Toll-Like Receptor 4/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - *Akt
OT  - *Apocynin
OT  - *Inflammatory mediator production
OT  - *Keratinocytes
OT  - *Lipopolysaccharide
OT  - *Toll-like receptor-4
OT  - *mTOR and NF-kappaB pathways
EDAT- 2016/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2017/02/24 06:00
CRDT- 2016/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00210-016-1288-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00210-016-1288-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;389(12):1267-1277. doi: 
      10.1007/s00210-016-1288-5. Epub 2016 Sep 2.