PMID- 27597941
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160906
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 2296-634X (Print)
IS  - 2296-634X (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-634X (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2016
TI  - Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Immune-Modulation.
PG  - 83
LID - 10.3389/fcell.2016.00083 [doi]
LID - 83
AB  - Extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane structures enriched with 
      proteins, nucleic acids, and other active molecules and have been implicated in 
      many physiological and pathological processes over the past decade. Recently, 
      evidence suggests EVs to play a more dichotomic role in the regulation of the 
      immune system, whereby an immune response may be enhanced or supressed by EVs 
      depending on their cell of origin and its functional state. EVs derived from 
      antigen (Ag)-presenting cells for instance, have been involved in both innate and 
      acquired (or adaptive) immune responses, as Ag carriers or presenters, or as 
      vehicles for delivering active signaling molecules. On the other hand, tumor and 
      stem cell derived EVs have been identified to exert an inhibitory effect on 
      immune responses by carrying immuno-modulatory effectors, such as transcriptional 
      factors, non-coding RNA (Species), and cytokines. In addition, stem cell-derived 
      EVs have also been reported to impair dendritic cell maturation and to regulate 
      the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of B cells. They have been 
      shown to control natural killer cell activity and to suppress the innate immune 
      response (IIR). Studies reporting the role of EVs on T lymphocyte modulation are 
      controversial. Discrepancy in literature may be due to stem cell culture 
      conditions, methods of EV purification, EV molecular content, and functional 
      state of both parental and target cells. However, mesenchymal stem cell-derived 
      EVs were shown to play a more suppressive role by shifting T cells from an 
      activated to a T regulatory phenotype. In this review, we will discuss how stem 
      cell-derived EVs may contribute toward the modulation of the immune response. 
      Collectively, stem cell-derived EVs mainly exhibit an inhibitory effect on the 
      immune system.
FAU - Burrello, Jacopo
AU  - Burrello J
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
FAU - Monticone, Silvia
AU  - Monticone S
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
FAU - Gai, Chiara
AU  - Gai C
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
FAU - Gomez, Yonathan
AU  - Gomez Y
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
FAU - Kholia, Sharad
AU  - Kholia S
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
FAU - Camussi, Giovanni
AU  - Camussi G
AD  - Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino 
      Torino, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160822
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cell Dev Biol
JT  - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
JID - 101630250
PMC - PMC4992732
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - exosomes
OT  - extracellular vesicles
OT  - immune system
OT  - immuno-modulation
OT  - stem cells
EDAT- 2016/09/07 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/07 06:01
PMCR- 2016/01/01
CRDT- 2016/09/07 06:00
PHST- 2016/05/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/09/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcell.2016.00083 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Aug 22;4:83. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00083. eCollection 
      2016.