PMID- 27618091
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170406
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016 Sep 7
TI  - Supplemental Protein during Heavy Cycling Training and Recovery Impacts Skeletal 
      Muscle and Heart Rate Responses but Not Performance.
LID - 10.3390/nu8090550 [doi]
LID - 550
AB  - The effects of protein supplementation on cycling performance, skeletal muscle 
      function, and heart rate responses to exercise were examined following 
      intensified (ICT) and reduced-volume training (RVT). Seven cyclists performed 
      consecutive periods of normal training (NT), ICT (10 days; average training 
      duration 220% of NT), and RVT (10 days; training duration 66% of NT). In a 
      crossover design, subjects consumed supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) or an equal 
      amount of carbohydrate with added protein (CP) during and following each exercise 
      session (CP = +0.94 g/kg/day protein during ICT; +0.39 g/kg/day during RVT). A 
      30-kilometer time trial performance (following 120 min at 50% Wmax) was modestly 
      impaired following ICT (+2.4 +/- 6.4% versus NT) and returned to baseline levels 
      following RVT (-0.7 +/- 4.5% versus NT), with similar responses between CHO and CP. 
      Skeletal muscle torque at 120 deg/s benefited from CP, compared to CHO, following 
      ICT. However, this effect was no longer present at RVT. Following ICT, muscle 
      fiber cross-sectional area was increased with CP, while there were no clear 
      changes with CHO. Reductions in constant-load heart rates (at 50% Wmax) following 
      RVT were likely greater with CP than CHO (-9 +/- 9 bpm). Overall it appears that CP 
      supplementation impacted skeletal muscle and heart rate responses during a period 
      of heavy training and recovery, but this did not result in meaningful changes in 
      time trial performance.
FAU - D'Lugos, Andrew C
AU  - D'Lugos AC
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. dlugosac@dukes.jmu.edu.
FAU - Luden, Nicholas D
AU  - Luden ND
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. ludennd@jmu.edu.
FAU - Faller, Justin M
AU  - Faller JM
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. fallerjm@dukes.jmu.edu.
FAU - Akers, Jeremy D
AU  - Akers JD
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. akersjd@jmu.edu.
FAU - McKenzie, Alec I
AU  - McKenzie AI
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. mckenzai@dukes.jmu.edu.
FAU - Saunders, Michael J
AU  - Saunders MJ
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 
      2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. saundemj@jmu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20160907
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Serum Albumin)
RN  - EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Athletic Performance
MH  - Bicycling/*physiology
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Creatine Kinase/blood
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage/analysis
MH  - Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/analysis
MH  - Dietary Proteins/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Energy Intake
MH  - Exercise/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Myalgia/drug therapy
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Physical Endurance
MH  - Serum Albumin/metabolism
MH  - *Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC5037535
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - chocolate milk
OT  - muscle repair
OT  - protein
OT  - sports nutrition
COIS- M.J.S. has served as a member of advisory committees for the National Dairy 
      Council, and the National Fluid Milk Processor Promotion Board, and has received 
      fees and travel reimbursement for work related to this role. Otherwise, no 
      conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors. The 
      funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, 
      analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the 
      decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2016/09/13 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/07 06:00
PMCR- 2016/09/01
CRDT- 2016/09/13 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/08/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/09/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu8090550 [pii]
AID - nutrients-08-00550 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu8090550 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2016 Sep 7;8(9):550. doi: 10.3390/nu8090550.