PMID- 27632777
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171030
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1530-0447 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Print)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 81
IP  - 1-1
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Ureaplasma infection-mediated release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and PGP: a 
      novel mechanism of preterm rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis.
PG  - 75-79
LID - 10.1038/pr.2016.176 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery are associated 
      with Ureaplasma infection. We hypothesized that Ureaplasma induced extracellular 
      collagen fragmentation results in production of the tripeptide PGP 
      (proline-glycine-proline), a neutrophil chemoattractant. PGP release from 
      collagen requires matrix metalloproteases (MMP-8/MMP-9) along with a serine 
      protease, prolyl endopeptidase (PE). METHODS: Ureaplasma culture negative 
      amniotic fluid (indicated preterm birth, n = 8; spontaneous preterm birth, n = 8) 
      and Ureaplasma positive amniotic fluid (spontaneous preterm birth, n = 8) were 
      analyzed by electro-spray ionization-liquid chromatography tandem mass 
      spectrometry for PGP, and for MMP-9 by zymography. PE was evaluated in lysates of 
      U. parvum serovar 3 (Up3) and U. urealyticum serovar 10 (Uu10) by western 
      blotting and activity assay. RESULTS: PGP and MMP-9 were increased in amniotic 
      fluid from spontaneous preterm birth with positive Ureaplasma cultures, but not 
      with indicated preterm birth or spontaneous preterm birth with negative 
      Ureaplasma cultures. Human neutrophils cocultured with Ureaplasma strains showed 
      increased MMP-9 activity. PE presence and activity were noted with both 
      Ureaplasma strains. CONCLUSION: Ureaplasma spp. carry the protease necessary for 
      PGP release, and PGP and MMP-9 are increased in amniotic fluid during Ureaplasma 
      infection, suggesting Ureaplasma spp. induced collagen fragmentation contributes 
      to preterm rupture of membranes and neutrophil influx causing chorioamnionitis.
FAU - Lal, Charitharth V
AU  - Lal CV
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
FAU - Xu, Xin
AU  - Xu X
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
FAU - Jackson, Patricia
AU  - Jackson P
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
FAU - Atkinson, Thomas P
AU  - Atkinson TP
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
FAU - Faye-Petersen, Ona M
AU  - Faye-Petersen OM
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
FAU - Kandasamy, Jegen
AU  - Kandasamy J
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
FAU - Waites, Ken
AU  - Waites K
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
FAU - Biggio, Joseph R
AU  - Biggio JR
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 
      Birmingham, Alabama.
FAU - Gaggar, Amit
AU  - Gaggar A
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
FAU - Ambalavanan, Namasivayam
AU  - Ambalavanan N
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 
      Alabama.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL092906/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - I01 BX001756/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - R01 AI072577/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL102371/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL129907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20160915
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatr Res
JT  - Pediatric research
JID - 0100714
RN  - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Oligopeptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (prolyl-glycyl-proline)
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
RN  - 9DLQ4CIU6V (Proline)
RN  - EC 2.4.21.25 (PREP protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.- (Serine Endopeptidases)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (MMP9 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amniotic Fluid/metabolism
MH  - Chorioamnionitis/*etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Collagen/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/*etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/*metabolism
MH  - Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Oligopeptides/*metabolism
MH  - Peptide Fragments/metabolism
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*metabolism
MH  - Proline/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Ureaplasma Infections/*complications/*metabolism
PMC - PMC5235960
MID - NIHMS816070
COIS- Conflicts of interest/Financial Disclosures: There are no conflicts of interest 
      or financial disclosures (other than funding as stated above) for any of the 
      authors.
EDAT- 2016/10/27 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/31 06:00
PMCR- 2017/03/15
CRDT- 2016/09/16 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/10/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pr2016176 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/pr.2016.176 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Res. 2017 Jan;81(1-1):75-79. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.176. Epub 2016 Sep 15.